“…These studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance only predicts NIDDM in individuals with a low acute insulin response [8,9,81,[88][89][90], even in extremely insulin-resistant populations such as the Pima Indians [89]. Furthermore, in prospective studies both insulin resistance [3, 4, 6, 8-10, 79, 81, 89-92], and markers of insulin resistance such as obesity [7,9,10,81,82,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100], abdominal fat distribution [4,6,89,94], physical inactivity [80,81,95,97,99], a low sex-hormone-binding globulin concentration [4,92] and macrovascular disease [81,90], as welt as insulin-secretory defects [5,8,9,81,88,89,91] have predicted NIDDM.…”