Effect of passive stretch on intracellular nitric oxide and superoxide activities in single skeletal muscle fibres: Influence of ageing

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is repeatedly exposed to passive stretches due to the activation of antagonist muscles and to external forces. Stretch has multiple effects on muscle mass and function, but the initiating mechanisms and intracellular signals that modulate those processes are not well understood. Mechanical stretch applied to some cell types induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide that modulate various cellular signalling pathways. The aim of this study was to assess whether intracellular activities of ROS and nitric oxide were modulated by passive stretches applied to single mature muscle fibres isolated from young and old mice. We developed a novel approach to apply passive stretch to single mature fibres from the flexor digitorum brevis muscle in culture and to monitor the activities of ROS and nitric oxide in situ by fluorescence microscopy. Passive stretch applied to single skeletal muscle fibres from young mice induced an increase in dihydroethidium oxidation (reflecting intracellular superoxide) with no increase in intracellular DAF-FM oxidation (reflecting nitric oxide activity) or CM-DCFH oxidation. In contrast, in fibres isolated from muscles of old mice passive stretch was found to induce an increase in intracellular nitric oxide activities with no change in DHE oxidation.

Simultaneous Study of Mechanical Stretch-Induced Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis on C2C12 Myoblasts

“…Indeed, using a similar system, Ping et al [2017] showed that ROS, NADPH oxidase 1, and protein disulfide isom- erase may determine the fate of stretched vascular smooth muscle cells [Ping et al, 2017]. Passive mechanical stretch of a muscle cell may generate ROS, which are required for proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells [Palomero et al, 2012]. Under physiological conditions, these ROS are balanced by ROS scavengers so that appropriate levels of ROS are maintained to facilitate cell proliferation [Bigarella et al, 2014;Kozakowska et al, 2015].…”

Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review

“…Muscle stretching may also reduce blood flow and tissue oxygen availability, causing an accumulation of metabolic end products and/or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (Palomero et al 2012). In animal studies, passive stretching has increased nitric oxide (Tidball et al 1998) and reactive oxygen species (Palomero et al 2012) production.…”

“…In animal studies, passive stretching has increased nitric oxide (Tidball et al 1998) and reactive oxygen species (Palomero et al 2012) production. No direct measurements have been made in humans; however, Trajano and colleagues (2014) observed that intermittent stretching (15 s rest between 5 stretches of 1 min each) caused notable perfusion and reperfusion of plantar flexor muscles and a greater magnitude of and longer-lasting force loss than did the same volume of continuous stretching, even though the absolute level of deoxygenation was greater during continuous stretches.…”

Mechanical Stretch-Induced Activation of ROS/RNS Signaling in Striated Muscle

“…Many of the features of X-ROS signaling in the heart are also found in skeletal muscle (38,51), but the signaling involves additional molecular components (38). One prominent new component in skeletal muscle is a calcium-conducting sarcolemmal ''transient receptor potential'' (TRP) channels (2,6,18,48,82) whose opening is enhanced by Nox2-derived ROS (Fig.…”