Effect of passive heat stress and exercise in the heat on arterial stiffness

Caldwell, Aaron R.; Robinson, Forrest B.; Tucker, Matthew A.; Arcement, Cash H.; Butts, Cory L.; McDermott, Brendon P.; Ganio, Matthew S.

doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3658-1

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The present findings of local stiffness are in agreement with past whole body and two leg hyperthermia studies which reported no changes in regional (carotid–radial) arterial stiffness (Ganio et al, 2011 ; Moyen et al, 2016 ; Schlader et al, 2019 ). However, studies exploring the recovery following hyperthermia, reported decreases in peripheral and/or leg (femoral–ankle region) arterial stiffness alongside an elevated core temperature (Caldwell et al, 2017 ; Cheng et al, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2018 ; Sugawara & Tomoto, 2021 ; Thomas et al, 2017 ). The latter observations contrast with the unaffected or small changes in arterial stiffness/distensibility, core temperature, and arterial pressure observed in the present and previous single leg heating studies (Chiesa et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Engelland et al, 2020 ; Takahashi et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter observations contrast with the unaffected or small changes in arterial stiffness/distensibility, core temperature, and arterial pressure observed in the present and previous single leg heating studies (Chiesa et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Engelland et al, 2020 ; Takahashi et al, 2011 ). Previous studies have alluded to the possibility that a certain threshold of hyperthermic intensity—such that can initiate profound increases in core temperature and/or alterations in sympathetic activity—may be required to elicit reductions in arterial stiffness and associated increases in distensibility (Caldwell et al, 2017 ; Kaldur et al, 2016 ). Therefore, although further studies are warranted, the present findings indicate that single leg hyperthermia does not alter CFA stiffness and distensibility and thus, conduit artery vascular tone in conditions evoking no or negligible elevations in core temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional thermal hyperemia in the human leg: Evidence of the importance of thermosensitive mechanisms in the control of the peripheral circulation

et al. 2021

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Hyperthermia is thought to increase limb blood flow through the activation of thermosensitive mechanisms within the limb vasculature, but the precise vascular locus in which hyperthermia modulates perfusion remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis that local temperature‐sensitive mechanisms alter limb hemodynamics by regulating microvascular blood flow. Temperature and oxygenation profiles and leg hemodynamics of the common (CFA), superficial (SFA) and profunda (PFA) femoral arteries, and popliteal artery (POA) of the experimental and control legs were measured in healthy participants during: (1) 3 h of whole leg heating (WLH) followed by 3 h of recovery ( n = 9); (2) 1 h of upper leg heating (ULH) followed by 30 min of cooling and 1 h ULH bout ( n = 8); and (3) 1 h of lower leg heating (LLH) ( n = 8). WLH increased experimental leg temperature by 4.2 ± 1.2ºC and blood flow in CFA, SFA, PFA, and POA by ≥3‐fold, while the core temperature essentially remained stable. Upper and lower leg blood flow increased exponentially in response to leg temperature and then declined during recovery. ULH and LLH similarly increased the corresponding segmental leg temperature, blood flow, and tissue oxygenation without affecting these responses in the non‐heated leg segment, or perfusion pressure and conduit artery diameter across all vessels. Findings demonstrate that whole leg hyperthermia induces profound and sustained elevations in upper and lower limb blood flow and that segmental hyperthermia matches the regional thermal hyperemia without causing thermal or hemodynamic alterations in the non‐heated limb segment. These observations support the notion that heat‐activated thermosensitive mechanisms in microcirculation regulate limb tissue perfusion during hyperthermia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional thermal hyperemia in the human leg: Evidence of the importance of thermosensitive mechanisms in the control of the peripheral circulation

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, passive heating has been shown to reduce PWV. 41 In addition to increased body temperature and its positive effects, sauna bathing may have decreased plasma volume which is further related to changes in haemodynamic parameters such as decreased AS and systemic BP. Therefore, it is possible that heat therapy such as sauna may reduce AS via body dehydration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sauna exposure leads to improved arterial compliance: Findings from a non-randomised experimental study

Lee

Laukkanen

Kunutsor

et al. 2017

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Background Heat therapy has been suggested to improve cardiovascular function. However, the effects of hot sauna exposure on arterial compliance and the dynamics of blood flow and pressure have not been well documented. Thus, we investigated the short-term effects of sauna bathing on arterial stiffness and haemodynamics. Design The design was an experimental non-randomised study. Methods There were 102 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 51.9 years) who had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Participants were exposed to a single sauna session (duration: 30 min; temperature: 73℃; humidity: 10-20%). Pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, augmented pressure and left ventricular ejection time were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after a single sauna session. Results Sauna bathing led to reductions in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection time. Mean pulse wave velocity value before sauna was 9.8 m/s and decreased to 8.6 m/s immediately after sauna bathing ( p < 0.001 for difference), and was 9.0 m/s after the 30-minute recovery period ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Systolic blood pressure was 137 mm Hg before sauna bathing, decreasing to 130 mm Hg after sauna ( p < 0.001), which remained sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). After a single sauna session, diastolic blood pressure decreased from 82 to 75 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure from 99.4 to 93.6 mm Hg and left ventricular ejection time from 307 to 278 m/s ( p < 0.001 for all differences). Pulse pressure was 42.7 mm Hg before the sauna, 44.9 mm Hg immediately after the sauna, and reduced to 39.3 mm Hg after 30-minutes recovery ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Heart rate increased from 65 to 81 beats/min post-sauna ( p < 0.001); there were no significant changes for augmented pressure and pulse pressure amplification. Conclusion This study shows that pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular ejection time and diastolic time decreased immediately after a 30-minute sauna session. Decreases in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection time were sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase.

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“…As a result, passive heat stress is often found to acutely reduce vascular stiffness in younger individuals (Caldwell et al. ). However, the magnitude of these reductions is often dependent on baseline arterial stiffness before passive heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial stiffness during whole‐body passive heat stress in healthy older adults

et al. 2019

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We tested the hypothesis that whole‐body passive heat stress reduces arterial stiffness in older adults. At preheat stress (baseline) and when core temperature was elevated by 0.6 ± 0.2°C (mild) and 1.2 ± 0.3°C (moderate), arterial stiffness was measured in eight healthy younger (26 ± 5 years) and eight healthy older (70 ± 4 years) adults in the supine position. Arterial stiffness was estimated from carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf PWV , applanation tonometry). cf PWV was higher at baseline in older adults (8.8 ± 2.3 m/sec vs. 5.6 ± 0.9 m/sec, P < 0.01) and this difference was maintained throughout passive heat stress ( P < 0.01). cf PWV did not change ( P ≥ 0.49) with passive heat stress in either younger (at moderate heat stress: 6.0 ± 1.0 m/sec) or older (at moderate heat stress: 8.5 ± 1.6 m/sec) adults. However, the influence of baseline cf PWV on the change in cf PWV during mild ( r = −0.66, P = 0.04) and moderate ( r = −0.87, P < 0.01) heat stress were inversely related in older adults, and the strength of these relations was not statistically different ( P = 0.08). In younger adults, the influence of baseline cf PWV on the change in cf PWV during mild heat stress was also inversely related ( r = −0.79, P = 0.01), while the strength of this relation was attenuated at moderate heat stress ( r = −0.24, P = 0.30). Changes in arterial stiffness during passive heat stress in adults aged ≥65 year are likely dependent on the magnitude of baseline arterial stiffness and not necessarily age.

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Effect of passive heat stress and exercise in the heat on arterial stiffness

Abstract: Heat stress via exercise in the heat does not acutely change arterial stiffness. However, passive heating reduces U , indicating that heat stress has an independent effect on PWV.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Regional thermal hyperemia in the human leg: Evidence of the importance of thermosensitive mechanisms in the control of the peripheral circulation

Regional thermal hyperemia in the human leg: Evidence of the importance of thermosensitive mechanisms in the control of the peripheral circulation

Sauna exposure leads to improved arterial compliance: Findings from a non-randomised experimental study

Arterial stiffness during whole‐body passive heat stress in healthy older adults

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