Effect of passive distraction on treadmill exercise test performance in healthy males using music

Bharani, Anil; Sahu, Ashok Kumar; Mathew, Vivek

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.05.048

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Firstly, the ICVG trial could have provided distraction from the physical discomfort of exercising as it provided both visual and audio interaction. This is supported by the evidence that music has a beneficial effect on athletic performance and masks unpleasant feelings associated with intense exercise [38,39]. Secondly, the ICVG was likely to induce an increased state of arousal due to the visual and auditory stimulation while playing the interactive game.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interactive Video Game Cycling Leads to Higher Energy Expenditure and Is More Enjoyable than Conventional Exercise in Adults

2015

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BackgroundDespite the widely accepted health benefits of regular physical activity, only a small percentage of the population meets the current recommendations. The reasons include a wide use of technology and a lack of enjoyment while exercising. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological, perceptual and enjoyment responses between a single bout of (I) conventional cycling and (II) interactive cycling video game at a matched workload.MethodsA cross-sectional study in 34 healthy participants was performed. Initially, participants completed an incremental maximal cycling test to measure peak oxygen uptake and to determine ventilatory threshold. In random order, participants carried out a 30 min interactive cycling trial and a 30 min conventional cycling trial at 55% of peak power output. During the trials, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure were measured by open-circuit spirometry and heart rate was measured by radiotelemetry. RPE and enjoyment were measured every 10 minutes with Borg scale and a modified PACES scale.ResultsInteractive cycling resulted in a significantly greater %V̇O2Reserve (68.2% ± 9.2% vs 64.7% ± 8.1%), rate of energy expenditure (505.8±75.2 vs 487.4±81.2 j·kg-1·min-1), and enjoyment (63.4% ± 17 vs 42% ± 13.6), P<0.05. Participants were working at a higher intensity in relation to the individual’s ventilatory threshold during the interactive cycling video game trial (M = 11.86, SE = 3.08) than during the Conventional cycling trial (M = 7.55, SE = 3.16, t(33) = -2.69, P<0.05, r = .42). No significant differences were found for heart rate reserve (72.5 ± 10.4 vs 71.4±10.1%) and RPE (13.1 ± 1.8 vs 13.2 ± 1.7).ConclusionInteractive cycling games can be a valid alternative to conventional exercise as they result in a higher exercise intensity than conventional cycling and a distraction from aversive cognitive and physiological states at and above the ventilatory threshold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interactive Video Game Cycling Leads to Higher Energy Expenditure and Is More Enjoyable than Conventional Exercise in Adults

2015

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“…The implications of this are that music per se (of an appropriate tempo) can have a beneficial effect on high-intensity exercise and subjective ratings of motivation. This is borne out in other studies that have used asynchronous music for high-intensity tasks (e.g., Atkinson et al, 2004;Bharani et al, 2004). …”

Section: Practical Implications Of the Present Findingsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These limitations restrict the degree to which the human organism is able to process music during high-intensity activity when fatigue-related signals overwhelm the afferent nervous system. Studies have demonstrated that, although music moderates RPE at low-to-moderate intensities of exercise, it does not moderate RPE at intensities beyond anaerobic threshold (e.g., Bharani, Sahu, & Mathew, 2004;Boutcher & Trenske, 1990). Nonetheless, recent findings have served to challenge extant theory (e.g., Rejeski, 1985;Tenenbaum, 2001) insofar as appropriately selected music appears to moderate in-task affect during high-intensity activities (Hutchinson et al, 2011;Karageorghis et al, 2009).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Effects Of Music During High-intenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming

Karageorghis

Hutchinson

Jones

et al. 2013

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Highlights We assess the effects of asynchronous music in a swimming time trial. We had two contrasting music conditions and a no-music control. Participants swam significantly faster when exposed to either music condition. Both music conditions led to significantly higher state motivation. Use of asynchronous music had an ergogenic effect in the order of 2%. Music and Swimming 3 AbstractObjectives: Existing work using dry land exercise-related activities has shown that the careful application of music can lead to a range of benefits that include enhanced affect, lower perceived exertion, greater energy efficiency, and faster time trial performances. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of asynchronous music in swimming using a mixed-methods approach.Design: A mixed-model design was employed wherein there was a within-subjects factor (two experimental conditions and a control) and a between-subjects factor (gender). The experimental component of the study was supplemented by qualitative data that were analysed using inductive content analysis.Methods: Twenty six participants (M age = 20.0 years, age range: 18-23 years) underwent a period of habituation with Speedo Aquabeat MP3 players prior to the experimental phase.They were then administered two experimental trials (motivational and oudeterous music at 130 bpm) and a no-music control, during which they engaged in a 200-m freestyle swimming time trial.Results: Participants swam significantly faster when exposed to either music condition relative to control (p = .022,  p 2 = .18). Moreover, the music conditions were associated with higher state motivation (p = .016,  p 2 = .16) and more dissociative thoughts (p = .014,  p 2 = .16). Conclusions:Findings supported the hypothesis that the use of asynchronous music during a high-intensity task can have an ergogenic effect; this was in the order of 2% when averaged out across the two experimental conditions. The use of music, regardless of its motivational qualities, resulted in higher self-reported motivation as well as more dissociative thoughts. behavior. Psychophysical effects concern the reduction of perceptions of physical effort, which, in the music-related literature, are most often assessed using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Ergogenic effects relate to the use of music to improve physical performance by either delaying fatigue or increasing work capacity; this results in higher-than-expected levels of endurance, power, productivity, or strength (see Terry & Karageorghis, 2011).Extant work has shown that music use is not effective for some people under certain circumstances (e.g., while learning new skills) and might even be contraindicated in some instances (e.g., when it might distract users from safety-relevant information, such as on public roads; see Karageorghis & Priest, 2012a, 2012b for a review). Also, a "vitamin model" wherein a particular piece of music can be prescribed to engender certain perceptual, cognitive, or emotion...

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“…Although there is ample scientific evidence to suggest that music has a positive effect on motivation and sport and exercise outcomes, 18,19 there is little research to show that music volume itself is a motivator. For example, the presence of background music (also called "asynchronous" music) has been shown to reduce the exerciser's ratings of perceived exertion, 20 improve power output and enhance motivation and overall affective state. 21 Synchronous music has been shown to improve rhythmicity of movement and enhance endurance for repetitive exercises.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Levels in Fitness Classes Are Still Too High: Evidence From 1997–1998 and 2009–2011

Beach

Nie

2014

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health

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Fitness instructors routinely use high music volumes that may be harmful to hearing. This study assessed noise levels during 35 low-intensity and 65 high-intensity fitness classes in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011. Questionnaires examined instructors' and clients' preferred music volumes and whether they found loud music "stressful" or "motivating." Noise levels in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011 were similar, frequently exceeding 90 dB(A). Although noise levels in low-intensity classes dropped from 88.9 to 85.6 dB(A), they remained high for high-intensity classes, averaging 93.1 dB(A). In 2009-2011, instructors preferred significantly higher volumes than clients for high-intensity classes. In both time periods, about 85% of instructors found loud music motivating, whereas about one fifth of clients found it stressful. The results suggest that noise exposure from fitness classes, particularly high-intensity classes, continues to pose a potential risk to hearing.

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Effect of passive distraction on treadmill exercise test performance in healthy males using music

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Interactive Video Game Cycling Leads to Higher Energy Expenditure and Is More Enjoyable than Conventional Exercise in Adults

Interactive Video Game Cycling Leads to Higher Energy Expenditure and Is More Enjoyable than Conventional Exercise in Adults

Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming

Noise Levels in Fitness Classes Are Still Too High: Evidence From 1997–1998 and 2009–2011

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