“…Adding GFs or ZrO 2 in a certain amount is needed to reinforce autopolymerizing PMMA and enhance its properties such as fracture toughness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness, wear resistance, water sorption, and solubility ( Jamel, 2020 , Cascione et al, 2021 , Chęcińska et al, 2022 , Hata et al, 2022 , Kaga et al, 2023 ).…”