Effect of particle size distribution on obtaining novel MnAlC-based permanent magnet composites and flexible filaments for 3D-printing

Palmero, Ester M.; Casaleiz, Daniel; Vicente, Javier de; Skårman, Björn; Vidarsson, Hilmar; Larsson, Per‐Olof; Bollero, A.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101179

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…So, the powder #2, #3, #4 both have a small number of particles less than 10 μm in diameter exist. The mixing of different size filler particles was reported to increase the fill factor of the composite, [ 19 ] but particles smaller than 10 μm were clustered near the large particles and in small quantities, which did not affect the comparative results of the sample properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24] To improve the performance of 3D printed magnets, different parameters can be used, such as matrix type, PMs particle size and shape, and composite synthesis parameters. [19,26] Palmero et al [19] investigated the Effect of particle size distribution on obtaining novel MnAlC-based permanent magnet composites and flexible filaments for 3D-printing. However, there are fewer studies on the effect of particle diameter on 3D-printed BM and flexible filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of NdFeB particle size on the performance of 3D printed bonded magnets of polyamide‐based composites

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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Additive manufacturing has been widely used in the field of bonded magnets manufacturing. However, there are some key issues to be faced in order to obtain bonded magnets (BMs) with high performance. In this study, four different particle sizes of flake NdFeB powder (volume‐weighted mean diameter [VMD] of 5.60 μm, 19.21 μm, 33.25 μm, and 66.69 μm) were obtained by vibratory sieving. Flexible filaments for 3D printing BMs were produced using polyamide‐6 (PA6) as the substrate, and the production process is reported in this paper. Characterization of the performance of the 3D‐printed BMs revealed that the BMs with VMD less than 10 μm have excellent mechanical strength, but the ductility of the magnets decreases with decreasing VMD of NdFeB powder. As the NdFeB VMD decreases, the coercivity of the sample decreases and the remanence increases. This study provides a reference for the selection of filler particle size for 3D printing BMs, which can be used to develop 3D‐printed BMs with excellent performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NdFeB particle size on the performance of 3D printed bonded magnets of polyamide‐based composites

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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“…From the perspective of the ideal model of particle forming, scholars use powder with uneven sizes so that small particles can be filled into the gaps formed by the accumulation of large particles, which increases the hydration repulsion energy and forms a stable slurry system (Yan et al , 2017). It was determined that, amongst the studied cases, the optimum combination of particles for obtaining a high quality product was three times the weight percentage ratio of coarse to fine particles (Palmero et al , 2020). The proportion of 1.4 μ m particles is about 30% in Figure 1(b), generally meeting the optimum particle combination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling additive manufacturing and low-temperature sintering: a fast processing route of silicate glassy matrix

Tang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

RPJ

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Purpose The low-temperature sintering of silica glass combined with additive manufacturing (AM) technology has brought a revolutionary change in glass manufacturing. This study aims to carry out in an attempt to achieve precious manufacturing of silicate glassy matrix through the method of slurry extrusion. Design/methodology/approach A low-cost slurry extrusion modelling technology is used to extrude silicate glassy matrix inks, composed of silicate glass powder with different amounts of additives. Extrudability of the inks, their printability window and the featuring curves of silicate glassy matrix are investigated. In addition, the properties of the low-temperature sintering green part as a functional part are explored and evaluated from morphology, hardness and colour. Findings The results showed that the particle size was mainly distributed from 1.4 µm to 5.3 µm, showing better slurry stability and print continuity. The parameters were set to 8 mm/s, 80% and 0.4 mm, respectively, to achieve better forming of three-dimensional (3D) samples. Besides, the organic binder removal step was concentrated on 200°C–300°C and 590°C–650°C was the fusion bonding temperature of the powder. The hardness values of 10 test samples ranged from 588 HL to 613 HL, which met the requirements of hard stones with super-strong mechanical strength. In addition, the mutual penetration of elements caused by temperature changes may lead to a colourful appearance. Originality/value The custom continuous AM technology enables the fabrication of a glass matrix with 3D structural features. The precise positioning technology of the glass matrix is expected to be applied more widely in functional parts.

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“…Various techniques have been used to produce both MnAl- and MnAlC-based permanent magnets, such as arc-melting [ 13 ], induction melting [ 21 ], mechanical alloying [ 22 ], melt-spinning [ 8 ], mechanochemical synthesis [ 23 ] and gas atomization [ 24 ]. Jian et al [ 13 ] used arc melting to produce τ -Mn 53.3 Al 45 C 1.7 , with a small amount of

-phase, after heat treatment at 600 °C for 30 min, and reported magnetic properties of M 2T ~ 80 Am 2 /kg, M r ~ 25 Am 2 /kg and

H c ~ 0.1 T; Feng et al [ 25 ] obtained (Mn 53 Al 45 C 2 ) 98.5 Ni 1.5 with a 91 wt.% of

-phase by arc melting and reported a M 3T ~ 98 Am 2 /kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jian et al [ 13 ] used arc melting to produce τ -Mn 53.3 Al 45 C 1.7 , with a small amount of

-phase, after heat treatment at 600 °C for 30 min, and reported magnetic properties of M 2T ~ 80 Am 2 /kg, M r ~ 25 Am 2 /kg and

H c ~ 0.1 T; Feng et al [ 25 ] obtained (Mn 53 Al 45 C 2 ) 98.5 Ni 1.5 with a 91 wt.% of

-phase by arc melting and reported a M 3T ~ 98 Am 2 /kg. Jiao et al [ 26 ] reported a M r = 1.44 kGs (23 Am 2 /kg, value estimated by assuming a theoretical density of 5.04 g/cm 3 for the τ -MnAl [ 27 ]), a

H c ~ 0.108 T and a (BH) max ~ 2.0 kJ/m 3 for (Mn 54 Al 46 ) 98 C 2 prepared by arc melting processes; Thongsamrit et al [ 21 ] used induction melting to produce (Mn 55 Al 45 ) 97 C 3 with 50 wt.% of τ -phase after annealing at 500 °C for 20 min, and reported a M 1T

21 Am 2 /kg; Shtender et al [ 28 ] synthetized Mn 55 Al 45 C 2 with 85 wt.% of τ -phase and obtained a M 8.5T = 541 kA/m (108 Am 2 /kg) and a

H c = 0.0715 T. Recently (2021), Feng et al [ 29 ] produced Mn 53 Al 45 C 2 by induction melting with 100 wt.% of τ -phase after subsequence annealing for 48 h at 1100 °C, followed by 500 °C for 1 h, and reported a M 5.6T ~ 0.75 T (119 Am 2 /kg); Saito et al [ 22 ] produced Mn-Al-C (70 wt.% Mn, 29.5 wt.% Al, 0.5 wt.% C) through mechanical alloying with about 40 wt.% of τ -phase, and after annealing at 1100 °C for 1 h, they reported M 1.5T ~ 40 Am 2 /kg, Mr ~ 24 Am 2 /kg and

H c = 0.23 T; Palmero et al [ 24 ] implemented gas atomization to produce Mn-Al-C alloys with a remanent of equilibrium γ 2 phase, and they reported M 2T = 65 Am 2 /kg and

H c = 0.163 T. As we have seen abo...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Route for the Fabrication of MnAlC Permanent Magnets by Arc Melting

et al. 2022

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The rare-earth-free MnAlC alloy is currently considered a very promising candidate for permanent magnet applications due to its high anisotropy field and relatively high saturation magnetization and Curie temperature, besides being a low-cost material. In this work, we presented a simple fabrication route that allows for obtaining a magnetically enhanced bulk τ-MnAlC magnet. In the fabrication process, an electric arc-melting method was carried out to melt ingots of MnAlC alloys. A two-step solution treatment at 1200 °C and 1100 °C allowed us to synthesize a pure room-temperature ε-MnAlC ingot that completely transformed into τ-MnAlC alloy, free of secondary phases, after an annealing treatment at 550 °C for 30 min. The Rietveld refinements and magnetization measurements demonstrated that the quenched process produces a phase-segregated ε-MnAlC alloy that is formed by two types of ε-phases due to local fluctuation of the Mn. Room-temperature hysteresis loops showed that our improved τ-MnAlC alloy exhibited a remanent magnetization of 42 Am2/kg, a coercive field of 0.2 T and a maximum energy product, (BH)max, of 6.07 kJ/m3, which is higher than those reported in previous works using a similar preparation route. Experimental evidence demonstrated that the synthesis of a pure room-temperature ε-MnAlC played an important role in the suppression of undesirable phases that deteriorate the permanent magnet properties of the τ-MnAlC. Finally, magnetic images recorded by Lorentz microscopy allowed us to observe the microstructure and magnetic domain walls of the optimized τ-MnAlC. The presence of magnetic contrasts in all the observed grains allowed us to confirm the high-quality ferromagnetic behavior of the system.

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Effect of particle size distribution on obtaining novel MnAlC-based permanent magnet composites and flexible filaments for 3D-printing

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of NdFeB particle size on the performance of 3D printed bonded magnets of polyamide‐based composites

Effect of NdFeB particle size on the performance of 3D printed bonded magnets of polyamide‐based composites

Coupling additive manufacturing and low-temperature sintering: a fast processing route of silicate glassy matrix

Optimized Route for the Fabrication of MnAlC Permanent Magnets by Arc Melting

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