Effect of particle morphology and size on roll compaction of Ti-based powders

Analysis of the Cold Compaction Behavior of Titanium Powders: A Comprehensive Inter-model Comparison Study of Compaction Equations

“…Others have also extended this comparison to cover other powder materials [11] The compactibility of Ti-6Al-4V prepared via PM PM Ti-6Al-4V blends (up to 1200 MPa) the compactibility of Ti6Al4V alloy powder produced via the PM route has also been reported. [1,8,12,15] Angular morphologies (and mostly HDH) produced Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder show better compactibility than alloy powder produced from atomized Ti powder in general…”

“…[27] Eventually, according to Bockstiegel, [28] the interest shifted more towards an analytical problem-finding a simple but adequate mathematical description for experimentally observed compaction curves. [1,2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The compaction curves for ITP-produced Ti, [12] CSIR-produced Ti, [8] Ho¨gana¨s AB produced Ti and TiH 2 , [13,17] Armstrong produced Ti and Ti-6Al-4V, [14,17] spray-dried powders, [20] for example, have also been reported Comparing the compressibility of different powder CP-Ti, sponge, HDH, and various Ti-6Al-4V powder mixtures (up to 1200 MPa) several researchers, see Refs. 1, 2, 6 through 9, 11 through 13, and 17 for example, have also studied and compared the compaction behavior of different Ti powder.…”

“…[4,5] Several studies in literature have established relationships between the compaction pressure, the powder characteristics (such as impurity levels and particle size shape), different compaction route (cold, hot, or dynamic compaction), and the obtained properties of the compacts (density, sinterability and strength) with varying degrees of success. [1,2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Studies into the cold compaction of titanium and titanium-based powder materials are necessitated by fact that titanium PM also offers improved chemical homogeneity and refined microstructures [2] in addition to a cost and energy-consumption reduction benefit-given the high cost of titanium powder material. In addition, challenges associated with titanium powder compaction such as (i) the obvious high reactivity of titanium powder material in air, (ii) its inherent difficulty to press into green bodies due to its high hardness and inductile properties, [13] (iii) problems associated with compact cold welding to the die wall [9,11,13,14,19] as well as (iv) the high ejection force required.…”

“…Some noteworthy findings from literature are summarized in Table I. According to Table I, many research articles have reported on the compressibility behavior of titanium powders [1,2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]17,20,22,25] ; evidently, only a very few have paid particular attention to the analysis of the cold compaction behavior of titanium powders using existing or new compaction equations, see References 10,12,14,22, and 25 for example. Those that have, for unspecified reasons, have selectively applied only a few models.…”

Effects of particle shape and temperature on compaction of copper powder at micro scale

“…On the other hand, the direct laser sintering process of metallic powder, which does not require a compaction of powder, has also developed for rapid tooling [2] and producing metallic microstructures [3]. Moreover, it is possible to use a direct powder rolling process for manufacturing titanium strips [4].…”