Effect of partial root-zone irrigation system on seed quality changes of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) during seed development and maturation

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Aleshtar, Iran during 2015-16 growing season to evaluate the effect of limited water supply during seed filling period on seed quality changes of Persian clover. The experiment was carried out as a 2×6 factorial with three replications. Irrigation systems including conventional (all root system was irrigated) and partial rootzone irrigation (half of root system exposed to dry soil and the other half was watered) and harvest time (initiated from 10 days after flowering (DAA) and continued on six occasions at 5-day intervals) were used as treatments. Germination percentage, seedling dry mass, electrical conductivity and 1000-seed mass were used as seed quality traits. Seed quality attributes were significantly affected by harvest time and irrigation system, but the interaction of irrigation system × harvest time was not significant. While seed mass and electrical conductivity were not significantly affected by irrigation system, seedling dry mass and germination percentage were reduced under deficit irrigation. Partial rootzone irrigation reduced seed quality, Persian clover needs to experience no water deficit during seed formation and maturation period to produce high quality and quantity seeds. Obravnavanja so obsegala običajno namakanje (namakan je bil celoten korerninski sistem), delno namakanje (polovica koreninskega sistema je bila namakana, druga je ostala suha) in čas pobiranja semen (začetek 10 dni po cvetenju (DAF) in nato šestkrat v 5-dnevnih intervalih). Odstotek kalitve, suha masa kalic, električna prevodnost vode, v kateri je bilo namočeno vzorčeno seme in masa 1000 semen so bili uporabljeni kot znaki kakovosti semena. Na znake kakovosti semena sta značilno vplivala čas pobiranja semena in način namakanja posevka medtem, ko njuna interakcija ni imela značilnega vpliva. Na maso semen in električno prevodnost načina namakanja nista značilno vplivala, suha masa kalic in odstotek kalitve sta se ob pomanjkanju namakanja zmanjšala. Delno namakanje korenin je zmanjšalo kakovost semena, kar kaže, da potrebuje perzijska detelja za uspešno tvorbo in zorenje kakovostnega semena razmere brez pomanjkanja vode.

Improving Energy Efficiency in Agronomical Systems

“…High energy is consumed through fertilizers to supply crop plants with essential nutrients, where in some agronomical systems like sunflower [15] and potato [29] fertilizers comprise the highest energy consumer input.…”