Effect of parity on bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Song, Seung Yeon; Kim, Yejee; Park, Hyunmin; Kim, Yun Joo; Kang, Woo-Geun; Kim, Eun Young

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.013

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, a meta-analysis on the effect of parity on bone density [19], conducted outside Korea, reported that parity did not have a significant effect on the femoral neck and lumbar spine, but primiparous or multiparous women showed significantly higher total femoral bone density compared to nulliparous women, which is contrary to the findings of the present study. However, the study population of all the studies included in that meta-analysis, except for one study, consisted of Caucasians, and included both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although some systematic review studies [18192028293031] have investigated the relationship between parity or duration of breast feeding and the risk of osteoporosis, no consensus has been reached. The present study is important as it is the first meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between parity or duration of breast feeding and the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recently published meta-analysis [18] showed that an increase in parity reduced the risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women. However, another meta-analysis on the effects of parity on the bone density of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women [19] reported that parity did not affect bone density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, although primiparous or multiparous women showed significantly higher total femoral bone density than nulliparous women, indicating that the effect of parity on bone density may differ depending on the site of measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Parity and Breast Feeding Duration on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Objectives To summarize the evidence regarding the association of parity and breast feeding duration with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. This was because studies have been inconsistent regarding the effect of parity and breast feeding duration on the risk of osteoporosis. Methods A systematic literature search of relevant studies published by December 26, 2018 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, KMbase, and KoreaMed. Outcome estimates of odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference were pooled with fixed or random-effect model. In case of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted. Results Seven cross-sectional studies (with 3,813 subjects) were included in the analysis. OR for osteoporosis was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.88, P = 0.010) in postmenopausal women with higher parity compared to those with less parity. Moreover, OR for osteoporosis was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.28–2.93, P = 0.002) in postmenopausal women with longer durations of breast feeding than in those with shorter durations of breast feeding. Conclusions This study revealed that duration of breast feeding increased the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. More cohort studies with high quality research designs are needed to confirm our results.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Parity and Breast Feeding Duration on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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“…The relationship between parity and bone health remains unclear because positive, negative or nil associations have been reported [69][70][71]. Several studies found that parity protected bone health in women, whereby bone loss was slower in multiparous women compared to nulliparous women [72,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Bone Health Status in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Chan

Subramaniam

Mohamed

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background and objectives: Studies on osteoporosis risk factors are limited in Malaysia, so this study assesses the factors associated with bone health assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among Malaysians aged ≥40 years. Subjects and Methods: Data on demography, medical history, dietary and lifestyle practices of 786 Malaysians (51.4% women) aged ≥40 years recruited in Klang Valley were obtained. Their body composition and bone health were determined using DXA. The association between risk factors and bone health status was assessed using binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis was higher in women (59.4% and 16.1%) than men (40.8% and 8.4%). Overall, the predictors of suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis among the subjects were increased age and higher fat mass. Lower monthly income was positively associated with osteoporosis. Being menopausal was a risk factor for both suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis in women. Women with no formal education were more likely to get osteoporosis. Being a smoker and Chinese were positively related to suboptimal bone health among men. Meanwhile, predictors of osteoporosis among men were regular alcohol and dairy product consumption, higher fat mass and having a tertiary education. Conclusions: This study calls for immediate and effective interventions for middle-aged and elderly populations with risk factors to halt the progression of bone loss.

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“…The long-term effects of pregnancy and lactation on bone characteristics in later life have also been examined, and overall small, site-specific benefits to BMD have been observed (54). While no strong evidence for differences in BMD was observed between paired parous/nulliparous twins, in a large cross-sectional study, parity was associated with both greater lumbar spine BMD and total body BMC than in other female relatives, while breastfeeding was associated with higher total body BMC and hip BMD (55).…”

Section: Long-term Effects Of Pregnancy and Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and lactation, a challenge for the skeleton

Winter

Ireland

Butterfield

et al. 2020

Endocrine Connections

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In this review we discuss skeletal adaptations to the demanding situation of pregnancy and lactation. Calcium demands are increased during pregnancy and lactation, and this is effectuated by a complex series of hormonal changes. The changes in bone structure at the tissue and whole bone level observed during pregnancy and lactation appear to largely recover over time. The magnitude of the changes observed during lactation may relate to the volume and duration of breastfeeding and return to regular menses. Studies examining long-term consequences of pregnancy and lactation suggest that there are small, site-specific benefits to bone density and that bone geometry may also be affected. Pregnancy- and lactation-induced osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare disease for which the pathophysiological mechanism is as yet incompletely known; here, we discuss and speculate on the possible roles of genetics, oxytocin, sympathetic tone and bone marrow fat. Finally, we discuss fracture healing during pregnancy and lactation and the effects of estrogen on this process.

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Effect of parity on bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of Parity and Breast Feeding Duration on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Parity and Breast Feeding Duration on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Determinants of Bone Health Status in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Pregnancy and lactation, a challenge for the skeleton

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