Effect of parenteral administration of ivermectin and erythromycin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves

Abstract

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the effect of parenteral administration of ivermectin and erythromycin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. ANIMALS-6 male Holstein-Friesian calves < 15 days old. PROCEDURES-In a crossover study, calves were administered each of 3 treatments (control treatment, 2 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, IM; erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg, IM; and ivermectin, 200 microg/kg, IV). Thirty minutes later, calves were bottle-fed 2 L of fresh cow's milk containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein at various periods after suckling of milk. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by use of the time to pharmacokinetically determined maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. RESULTS-Administration of erythromycin and ivermectin caused a significant increase in abomasal emptying rate, compared with results for the control treatment, as determined on the basis of time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Parenteral administration of erythromycin and ivermectin increased the abomasal emptying rate. The macrolide erythromycin can be an effective prokinetic agent in calves and other animals. Ivermectin is classified as a macrolide but has a number of structural differences from erythromycin. The clinical importance of a slight increase in abomasal emptying rate after IV administration of ivermectin remains to be determined because ivermectin is only labeled for SC, oral, and topical administration.

Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers

“…In the present study, as in other studies, 18,23,24,44 T max obtained from a pharmacokinetic model (equivalent to T maxmodel in the present study) provided the most accurate estimation of emptying rate. A previous study 8 explored the suitability of these parameters to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in calves by comparing values of these parameters with values obtained via scintigraphy.…”

Effect of Orally Administered Cisapride, Bethanechol, and Erythromycin on the Apparent Efficiency of Colostral IgG Absorption in Neonatal Holstein‐Friesian Calves

“…An unexpected finding of this study was the minimal effect that oral erythromycin lactobionate (20 mg/kg BW) had on indices of abomasal emptying rate and the total IgG and total protein‐time relationships. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that IM administration of erythromycin (8.8–10 mg/kg BW) produced a marked prokinetic effect in milk‐fed calves and adult cattle 5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Erythromycin base is not absorbed in preruminant calves when administered orally at 10 mg/kg; this result has been attributed to acid destruction of erythromycin in the abomasum 37.…”

“…We were, therefore, interested in determining the effect of potential nonantimicrobial prokinetic agents, such as cisapride and bethanechol, on abomasal emptying rate and AEA in neonatal calves, and in comparing their prokinetic effects to a positive control (erythromycin) and a negative control (0.9% NaCl solution). Erythromycin was selected as the positive control because it is known to be a strong prokinetic agent in milk‐fed calves and adult cattle 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Cisapride was investigated because it increases the rate of gastrointestinal motility in the cat, dog, and horse 20.…”

Erythromycin enhances abomasal emptying in healthy unweaned lambs as shown by acetaminophen absorption test

“…, 2008), and calves (Wittek & Constable, 2005; Nouri & Constable, 2007; Nouri et al. , 2008; Afshari et al. , 2009).…”