Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on Total Phosphate and Inorganic Phosphate in Blood, Plasma, and Urine of Domestic Fowl

Klinefelter, Barbara B.; Youtz, Sandra L.; Wideman, Robert F.

doi:10.3382/ps.0632285

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Namely, while certain authors observed morphological changes indicative of parathyroid hyperplasia or hypertrophy (Reece and Frazier, 1990), in this study we found regressive changes, vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis suggestive of hypofunction, at least up to 2 weeks of age of the infected experimental chickens. The increased phosphate excretion caused, even though indirectly, by enhanced parathyroid hormone secretion presumably associated with parathyroid hyperplasia (Klinefelter et al, 1984) may Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, 1999 be one of the possible explanations of the decreased phosphate levels of the blood plasma. At the same time, the parathyroid damage seen by us is indicative of a decreased parathyroid hormone secretion and is inconsistent with the existence of the above-mentioned correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Stunting Syndrome Associated With Disturbances of Mineral Metabolism and Bone Development in Broiler Chickens

Glávits¹,

Sályi²,

Glávits³

1999

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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On a broiler farm with a rearing capacity of about 200,000 chickens, a disease characterised by growth retardation, variability in chick size, leg weakness, diarrhoea and increased mortality at 3 weeks of age occurred repeatedly, in several successive broiler flocks. Gross and histopathological findings were dominated by widening of the hypertrophic and ossification layers of the physes of long bones as well as by thickening, unevenness and defective calcification of the cartilage trabeculae. In the parathyroid gland, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells, connective tissue proliferation and, here and there, cyst formation were seen. Additional findings included severe cerebellar oedema and neuronal degeneration. The pancreatic, myocardial and intestinal changes typical of infectious stunting syndrome (ISS) occurred only in a mild form. Fourweek-old chickens exhibiting leg weakness had significantly lower blood inorganic phosphate concentration and tibial ash content as compared to healthy chickens. The disease was successfully transmitted by oral administration of small intestinal homogenate from affected chickens. In a second experiment, however, the disease could not be transmitted with intestinal homogenate sterilized by irradiation. Large doses of vitamin D ! reduced the rate of growth retardation and defective calcification of bones. The digestive enzyme activities of the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa of infected chickens were decreased as is typical of ISS.Key words: Infectious stunting syndrome, chicken, bone abnormalities, disturbances of mineral metabolism, pathology, transmission experiments Disease entities of young chickens characterised by growth retardation, ossification disturbances, and uneven growth of chicks throughout the flock may be caused by a wide variety of aetiological factors. In addition to certain metabolic and deficiency diseases, such clinical manifestations can be caused in broiler chickens (Nelson et al., 1982;Reece et al., 1984;Bitay et al., 1986) and turkeys (McLoughlin et al., 1987;Angel and Sell, 1990; Perry et al., 1991a,b,c) by syndromes designated as malabsorption syndrome, infectious stunting syn-* E-mail: salyi@indigo2.oai.hu; Fax: (36-1) 252-8444 362 SÁLYI and GLÁVITS Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, 1999 drome (ISS) and described under various other names (pale bird syndrome, helicopter disease and recently enteric disease complex) in many parts of the world. The aetiology of these conditions remains obscure but they have been found to be transmissible from diseased to healthy birds. Numerous viruses have been suggested to play an aetiological role, but so far the syndrome could not be experimentally reproduced in its entirety with any virus isolate.The dominant signs include growth retardation, unevenness in chick size throughout the flock and defective, abnormal feathering. The occurrence of expressed disturbances of mineral metabolism and ossification disorders in connection with ISS has not been reported in Hungary either b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Stunting Syndrome Associated With Disturbances of Mineral Metabolism and Bone Development in Broiler Chickens

Glávits¹,

Sályi²,

Glávits³

1999

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Aspects of Calcium Regulation in Embryonic Lepidosaurians and Chelonians and a Review of Calcium Regulation in Embryonic Archosaurians

Packard¹,

Clark²

1996

Physiological Zoology

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Renal Regulation of Avian Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

Wideman

1987

The Journal of Nutrition

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Avian plasma calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations are coregulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D acting directly or indirectly on the intestine, bone and kidneys. Within the overall scheme of chemical, hormonal and target tissue interactions, the kidneys serve as a safety valve, operating on a minute-to-minute basis to excrete Ca and Pi when these minerals are present in excess or to conserve Ca and Pi when they are needed for eggshell formation or bone mineral replenishment. This key role of the kidneys is directly mediated by PTH, acting to stimulate Ca reabsorption and increase Pi excretion at the tubular level. By dissociating Ca from Pi transport, the kidneys serve to maintain appropriate blood Ca:Pi concentration ratios during extremes of dietary challenge or bone mineral mobilization. Direct regulatory roles for vitamin D metabolites and calcitonin on avian urinary Ca and Pi excretion have yet to be firmly established.

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Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on Total Phosphate and Inorganic Phosphate in Blood, Plasma, and Urine of Domestic Fowl

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Infectious Stunting Syndrome Associated With Disturbances of Mineral Metabolism and Bone Development in Broiler Chickens

Infectious Stunting Syndrome Associated With Disturbances of Mineral Metabolism and Bone Development in Broiler Chickens

Aspects of Calcium Regulation in Embryonic Lepidosaurians and Chelonians and a Review of Calcium Regulation in Embryonic Archosaurians

Renal Regulation of Avian Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

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