Effect of Parasitism on Food Consumption of Pieris rapae Larvae12

Rahman, Mohd Muhiden Abd

doi:10.1093/jee/63.3.820

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…A dichotomy seems to occur in the effect that parasitoids exert on feeding by leaf-chewing insects. For all solitary dipteran and hymenopteran parasitoids studied in this respect, the parasitized host consumed less food than unparasitized hosts (e.g., Rahman, 1970;Guillot & Vinson, 1973;Harvey et al, 1999;Turlings & Fritzsche, 1999). For gregarious parasitoids very little information is available.…”

Section: Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles As Component Of Indirect Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For gregarious parasitoids very little information is available. There are only few studies available that addressed the effect of gregarious endoparasitoids on food consumption by their herbivorous hosts by the use of direct measurements of the amount of leaf tissue removed (Rahman, 1970;Slansky, 1978;Coleman et al, 1999). In these cases food consumption was either similar or slightly increased compared to unparasitized hosts, which indicates that a dichotomy between solitary and gregarious parasitoids might exist.…”

Section: Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles As Component Of Indirect Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multitrophic effects of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context

Dicke

Loon

2000

Entomologia Exp Applicata

456

328

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Herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use plant volatiles when foraging for food. In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend that may be quantitatively and qualitatively different from the blend emitted when intact. This induced volatile blend alters the interactions of the plant with its environment. We review recent developments regarding the induction mechanism as well as the ecological consequences in a multitrophic and evolutionary context. It has been well established that carnivores (predators and parasitoids) are attracted by the volatiles induced by their herbivorous victims. This concerns an active plant response. In the case of attraction of predators, this is likely to result in a fitness benefit to the plant, because through consumption a predator removes the herbivores from the plant. However, the benefit to the plant is less clear when parasitoids are attracted, because parasitisation does usually not result in an instantaneous or in a complete termination of consumption by the herbivore. Recently, empirical evidence has been obtained that shows that the plant's response can increase plant fitness, in terms of seed production, due to a reduced consumption rate of parasitized herbivores. However, apart from a benefit from attracting carnivores, the induced volatiles can have a serious cost because there is an increasing number of studies that show that herbivores can be attracted. However, this does not necessarily result in settlement of the herbivores on the emitting plant. The presence of cues from herbivores and/or carnivores that indicate that the plant is a competitor-and/or enemy-dense space, may lead to an avoidance response. Thus, the benefit of emission of induced volatiles is likely to depend on the prevailing faunal composition. Whether plants can adjust their response and influence the emission of the induced volatiles, taking the prevalent environmental conditions into account, is an interesting question that needs to be addressed. The induced volatiles may also affect interactions of the emitting plant with its neighbours, e.g., through altered competitive ability or by the neighbour exploiting the emitted information.Major questions to be addressed in this research field comprise mechanistic aspects, such as the identification of the minimally effective blend of volatiles that explains the attraction of carnivores to herbivore-infested plants, and evolutionary aspects such as the fitness consequences of induced volatiles. The elucidation of mechanistic aspects is important for addressing ecological and evolutionary questions. For instance, an important tool to address ecological and evolutionary aspects would be to have plant pairs that differ in only a single trait. Such plants are likely to become available in the near future as a result of mechanistic studies on signal-transduction pathways and an increased interest in molecular genetics.

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Section: Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles As Component Of Indirect Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles As Component Of Indirect Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitrophic effects of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context

Dicke

Loon

2000

Entomologia Exp Applicata

456

328

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“…Inspection of predictions (Fig. 3) compared with data reported in the literature (Harcourt et al 1955;McEwen & Hervey 1960;Rahman 1970;Harper 1973;Boldt et al 1975;Chen & Su 1978Samson & Geier 1983;Theunissen et al 1985) indicates that the feeding rate model fit well. Data on feeding by A.…”

Section: Ej(t) = ± ±~[N' K/t)fpd'kj(t)]~tmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of Intraplant Insect Movement on Economic Thresholds

Hoy

McCulloch

Sawyer

et al. 1990

Environmental Entomology

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A simulation model was constructed to examine the effects of intra plant spatial dynamics of the lepidopteran pest complex of cabbage on direct damage to the marketable parts of the plant. Diurnal fluctuations in microclimate for different parts of the crop canopy were simulated with sine functions. Larval development rates for each species were simulated with logisticfunctions of temperature, the development processwith time-varying distributed delays, and feeding rates with exponential functions of temperature and larval age. Larval transition probabilities within the crop canopy were modeled with either constants or definite integrals of the Beta probability density function, the shape parameters of which were modeled as functions of temperature. The model provided a good fit to data on changes in intraplant distribution of these larvae and intraplant distribution of feeding damage. Evaluation of model predictions suggeststhat a threshold population density used for management decisions should not be static, but should be a complex function of species, larval age distribution, and forecast temperatures. A model like the one presented here could serve as that complex function.KEY WORDS Insecta, simulation, model, pest management CURRENTLY, many pest management programs rely on economic thresholds to determine when pest populations must be reduced to prevent economically important damage to a crop. The economic threshold is a simple model, which predicts that a certain amount of damage to the marketable parts of the crop will occur within a given period of time. Economic thresholds developed in the past (Stern 1973, Poston et al. 1983, Pedigo et al. 1986, Onstad 1987, however, did not take into account the spatial structure of multiple pests and their injury within the crop canopy . We hypothesize that intraplant movement of insect pests profoundly affects the amount of damage they cause on the marketable parts of their host plant. Herein we describe the construction and analysis of a simulation model we have used to explore the influence of intraplant spatial dynamics of insect pests on damage to the marketable parts of a crop. New techniques were developed to model intraplant movement as a function of microclimatic conditions within the crop canopy. Spatial dynamics of some species are influenced by the host plant (Hoy I To whomreprintrequestsshouldbe addressed. Currentaddress:Departmentof Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,The OhioStateUniversity, Wooster, Ohio44691-6900.• The system we studied includes fresh market cabbage and its lepidopteran pest complex: diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L.; cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae L. The larvae of each pest damage the crop by chewing holes in the leaves. The marketable parts of the cabbage crop, the head and four surrounding wrapper leaves, and the unmarketable parts, the remaining frame leaves, are vulnerable to this feeding damage. Therefore, the leaves that are fed upon,...

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“…Rahman (1970) observou que larvas de Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) tiveram seu consumo aumentado quando parasitadas por Cotesia glomeratus (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), enquanto Doetzer & Foerster (1998) constataram que lagartas de Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tiveram consumo menor quando parasitadas por Glyptapanteles muesebecki (Blanchard) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), embora tenham verificado que o tempo de alimentação do hospedeiro aumentou quando parasitado.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho alimentar e sobrevivência de Euschistus heros parasitado por Hexacladia smithii em sementes de soja

Nunes

Corrêa-Ferreira

2002

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -Avaliou-se, em laboratório, a influência do parasitóide Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) na atividade alimentar e sobrevivência de Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias após o início do parasitismo. A atividade alimentar foi avaliada pelo número de bainhas constatadas nas sementes de soja, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), em 48 horas de alimentação. O teste foi mantido sob condições controladas de temperatura (25±2°C), umidade (65±10%) e fotoperíodo (14L:10E). No início do desenvolvimento de H. smithii a atividade alimentar dos percevejos não-parasitados e parasitados foi semelhante, obtendo-se, entretanto, duas vezes mais bainhas alimentares depositadas/grão pelos machos e fêmeas, após 30 dias de parasitismo. A sobrevivência dos percevejos parasitados foi menor que a dos percevejos não-parasitados, alcançan-do 100% de mortalidade 40 a 50 dias após o início do parasitismo. A redução na sobrevivência dos percevejos parasitados por H. smithii e a atividade alimentar, semelhante a dos percevejos não-parasitados durante quase todo o período de desenvolvimento do parasitóide, destacam a contribuição desse parasitismo na redução da população do percevejo-marrom E. heros.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, controle biológico, percevejo-marrom, parasitóide, bainhas alimentares. Feeding activity and survival of the Euschistus heros parasitized by Hexacladia smithiiAbstract -The influence of the parasitoid Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on the feeding activity and on survival of the neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was evaluated in laboratory, at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after parasitism. The feeding activity was evaluated through the number of stylet sheaths deposited on soybean seeds, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), after feeding for 48 hours. The tests were conducted under controlled conditions of temperature (25±2°C), RH (65±10%) and photoperiod (14L:10D). At the beginning of the development of H. smithii the feeding activity of non-parasitized and parasitized bugs was similar; however, the number of stylet sheaths was two times greater in seeds fed upon by parasitized stink bugs than those fed upon by non-parasitized bugs, for males and females 30 days after parasitism. The survival of parasitized adults was smaller than that of non-parasitized adults, reaching 100% of the bugs died after 40 and 50 days of parasitism. The reduction in the survival of the stink bugs parasitized by H. smithii and the similar feeding activity among parasitized and nonparasitized bugs during almost the whole period of development of the parasitoids, put in relief the contribution of that parasitism to the reduction of the population of neotropical brown stink bug E. heros.Index terms: Glycine max, biological control, neotropical brown stink bug, parasitoid, stylet sheath. IntroduçãoEntre os sugadores de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (Fabaceae), o percevejo-marrom (1) Aceito ...

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Effect of Parasitism on Food Consumption of Pieris rapae Larvae12

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Multitrophic effects of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context

Multitrophic effects of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context

Effect of Intraplant Insect Movement on Economic Thresholds

Desempenho alimentar e sobrevivência de Euschistus heros parasitado por Hexacladia smithii em sementes de soja

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