“…Guided by the Jablonski diagram, here we proposed a universal matrix to maximize ROS generation from classical PSs (especially FDA-approved PSs), resulting in a significantly improved triplet quantum yield (Φ T , 1.5-fold) and ROS generation (1.5–9.0-fold). Specifically, the coordination nanoparticles (CNs) from self-assembled Gd 3+ and purine nucleotides (Figure S1) were explored for facile encapsulation of PSs, − in which the coordination networks efficiently fixed PSs and inhibited the non-radiative transitions (process ① in Figure a), while Gd 3+ further propelled the energy flux of S 1 → T 1 through heavy atom ( Z = 64, process ② in Figure a) and paramagnetic (4f 7 ) effects (process ③ in Figure a), , namely, a “three-in-one” matrix for ROS boosting (Figure a). The coordination networks could flexibly fit the shape of guest molecules, resulting in a universal matrix for a broad band of classical PSs (e.g., porphyrin, porphine, indocyanine, AIE, and benzothiazole-based PSs).…”