Effect of parallel surface microgrooves and surface energy on cell growth

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of surface treatment and surface mi crotexture on cellular behavior, sm ooth and microtextured silicone substrata were produced. The microtextured sub strata possessed parallel surface grooves w ith a width and spacing of 2.0 (SilD02), 5.0 (SilDOS), and 10 [xm (SilDIO), The groove depth w as approxim ately 0.5 [xm. Subse quently, these substrata were either left untreated (NT) or treated by ultraviolet irradiation (UV), radiofrequency glow discharge treatment (RFGD), or both (UVRFGD). After characterization of the substrata, rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF) were cultured on the UV, RFGD, and UVRFGD treated surfaces for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Comparison be tween the NT and UV substrata revealed that UV treatment did not influence the contact angles and surface energies of surfaces with a similar surface topography. H owever, the contact angles of the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata were significantly smaller than those of the UV and NT sub strata. The dim ension of the surface microevents did not influence the wettability characteristics. Cell culture exper iments revealed that RDF cell growth on UV-treated sur faces w as lower than on the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata. SEM examination demonstrated that the parallel surface grooves on the SilD02 and SilDOS substrata were able to induce stronger cell orientation and alignm ent than the events on SilDIO surfaces. By combining all of our find ings, the most important conclusion was that p h ysico chemical parameters such as wettability and surface free energy influence cell growth but play no measurable role in the shape and orientation of cells on microtextured sur faces.

Self-standing aligned fiber scaffold fabrication by two photon photopolymerization

“…Adjacent fibers trapping cells developed contact guidance similar to groove and ridge patterned surfaces. As a result, cells trapped between fibers attained similar aligned morphologies with cells on groove/ridge patterned surface (Clark et al 1990;den Braber et al 1995). Single cells between fibers with gaps of over 20 μm were not observed through three independent experiments.…”

“…5(h)-(k) and 7(e)-(h)). den Braber et al (1995) cultured rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF) on silicon substrates with etched parallel surface grooves of 10 μm width and spacing. They observed that the first RDF cells stretched along the grooves that were covered upon proliferation.…”

“…Cell behavior, such as cell adhesion, proliferation and gene expression, can be directed by the substrate geometry and surface chemistry (Clark et al 1990;Curtis and Wilkinson 1997;den Braber et al 1995;Dunn and Heath 1976;Kaiser et al 2006;Meyle et al 1994;Rebollar et al 2008;Rovensky et al 1999;Rovensky and Samoilov 1994;Suh et al 2004; Thomas et al 1999Thomas et al , 2002. Various studies on these effects have been reported, most utilizing substrates bearing nano-scale (Rebollar et al 2008) to micro-scale (Clark et al 1990;Curtis and Wilkinson 1997;den Braber et al 1995;Kaiser et al 2006;Meyle et al 1994) patterned surfaces as well as chemically defined surfaces (Suh et al 2004;Thomas et al 1999Thomas et al , 2002. In addition to the patterned flat surface, cylindrical substrates with high degree of curvature have been shown to affect morphogenetic response of cultured cells (Dunn and Heath 1976;Rovensky et al 1999;Rovensky and Samoilov 1994).…”

Interactive effects of surface topography and pulsatile electrical field stimulation on orientation and elongation of fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes

“…The non-abraded surfaces (corresponding to the smallest cellular orientation and elongation), were used as a control. Although in vivo, ECM proteins assemble into structures on the order of 10-100nm, the, guidance cues of the structures on the order of μm are well documented [12,39,40]. In the native rat heart, elongated cardiomyocytes are tightly positioned between capillaries (7μm in diameter) that are spaced ∼20μm apart [41], thus structures on the order of 1-10μm have physiological relevance.…”

Directing neuronal cell growth on implant material surfaces by microstructuring

“…18 Parallel microgrooves on surfaces of various materials had been shown to promote the alignment of neuronal cells, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] astrocytes, 26,27 as well as fibroblasts. 28,29 The preferred orientation of neuronal cells is parallel to the microgrooves. However, a few studies found perpendicular orientations.…”