Effect of ozonation for treatment of micropollutants present in drinking water source

Peculiar Structure of the HOOO- Anion

“…Both protonation and H abstraction are strongly endothermic reactions, which in aqueous solution become less endothermic due to the strong solvation energy of the HO - anion generated in reaction 3. Ozone is widely used in drinking-water processing and wastewater purification, but the O 3 reactions in water or aqueous solutions (the health risk of inhaled ozone or injected medical ozone) are yet not adequately understood. − The present work makes a step to a better understanding of these reactions.…”

“…They concern the ozonation of tertiary amines, sulfur-containing compounds (sulfides, disulfides, and thiols), phenolates, DNA constituents, nitride and azide ions, halogenide ions, cyanide ions, etc. (see Scheme ). − Although I is a zwitterion, its electronic structure closely resembles that of S-1 . Hence, I can only decompose to R n XO and O 2 ( 1 D g ) in line with the preferred dissociation route of S-1 and spin conversation rules.…”

“…Reactions of ozone with saturated organic materials are at the focus of current research interests. Ozonation reactions play an important role in the polluted atmosphere (reactions of ozone with air pollutants), , for wastewater purification and drinking water processing (oxidation of contaminants with ozone), − in toxicity studies of ozone and activity investigations of medical ozone, in polymer degradation (aging of polymers by ozone), and in chemical synthesis as for example the low-temperature ozonation of organic substrates. , Although these topics have been investigated for the last 3 decades, , the mechanism of the ozonation of saturated compounds is still unclear. Three possible reactions of ozone are presented in Scheme : 1-13 (a) oxygen transfer via a possible intermediate I (reaction 1 in Scheme ); (b) electron transfer leading to ion pair II (reaction 2, Scheme ), which can leave the solvent cage or collapse to yield the O-transfer product of reaction 1; (c) H abstraction by the radical anion of ozone formed in reaction 2 (reaction 3) or ozone itself (reaction 4, Scheme ).…”

The Role of the HOOO- Anion in the Ozonation of Alcohols: Large Differences in the Gas-Phase and in the Solution-Phase Mechanism

“…Reactions of ozone with saturated organic materials have been at the focus of organic research for many decades and is experiencing at the moment a renaissance. − One topic of this research is the ozonation of alcohols and ethers, which is important for chemical synthesis, ,, soil, groundwater, and wastewater purification, , bleaching of polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, wood, pulp), drinking water processing, toxicity studies of ozone, and activity studies of medical ozone. − In the polluted atmosphere, reactions with alcohols and ozone only occur in the absence of OH radicals, which react much faster with alcohols than with ozone . It is now considered to be a fact that, in the ozonation reaction, hydrogen trioxide, HOOOH, − its radical HOOO·, and its anion HOOO - 5,6 are formed as important intermediates and that these species also play a role in ozonation reactions of biochemical compounds.…”

17O NMR Chemical Shifts of Polyoxides in Gas Phase and in Solution

“…Polyoxides can be produced in processes involving ozone, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and water in various mixtures in connection with organic substrates. Hence they are important for chemical synthesis, − ,,, wastewater purification, , bleaching of polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, wood, pulp), drinking water processing, toxicity studies of ozone, and activity studies of medical ozone. − In the polluted atmosphere reactions with alcohols and ozone only occur in the absence of OH radicals, which often react much faster with organic substrates than ozone…”