Effect of oxygen on the metabolism of Zymomonas mobilis

Bringer, Stephanie; Finn, R. K.; Sahm, Hermann

doi:10.1007/bf00408383

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In order to utilize glucose, fructose, and sucrose as carbon sources, this anaerobic bacterium uses the Entner-Doudoroff (4) pathway in conjunction with pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Although it is classified as an anaerobic bacterium, genus Zymomonas grows relatively well in the presence of oxygen (2,3). Though the growth rate is lower in the presence of oxygen than under anaerobic conditions, the molar growth yield does not decrease (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A novel aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in Zymomonas mobilis

1995

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Membrane vesicles prepared from Zymomonas mobilis oxidized NADH exclusively, whereas deamino-NADH was little oxidized. In addition, the respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system exhibited only a single apparent K m value of approximately 66 M for NADH. The NADH oxidase was highly sensitive to the respiratory chain inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. However, the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase was not sensitive to 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide and was highly resistant to another respiratory chain inhibitor, rotenone. Electron transfer from NADH to oxygen generated a proton electrochemical gradient (inside positive) in inside-out membrane vesicles. In contrast, electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone-1 generated no electrochemical gradient. These findings indicate that Z. mobilis possesses only NADH:quinone oxidoreductase lacking the energy coupling site.Zymomonas mobilis is well known as an obligately fermentative organism in which substrate-level phosphorylation from glycolysis provides the sole source of energy (9). In order to utilize glucose, fructose, and sucrose as carbon sources, this anaerobic bacterium uses the Entner-Doudoroff (4) pathway in conjunction with pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Although it is classified as an anaerobic bacterium, genus Zymomonas grows relatively well in the presence of oxygen (2, 3). Though the growth rate is lower in the presence of oxygen than under anaerobic conditions, the molar growth yield does not decrease (3). Z. mobilis appears to lack an oxidative electron transport phosphorylation (2). As a result, the taxonomic position of genus Zymomonas has not been fully established, mainly because of the uncertainties regarding the aerobic metabolism of these either aerotolerant or facultative anaerobes. So far, little information is available about the aerobic respiratory chain in Z. mobilis. It does appear to have cytochromes of the b, c, and d types (3, 10). According to a recent report of a study using electron transport inhibitors, Z. mobilis possesses, under aerobic conditions, a functional electron transport chain (12).To date, no detailed study has been done on the enzymatic properties and bioenergetics of respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in Z. mobilis. The present work describes the enzymatic properties of NADH oxidase and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase and the coupled bioenergetics of the aerobic respiratory chain in Z. mobilis. The results reported here also demonstrate the presence of only one type of NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) in the aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system of Z. mobilis.For the preparation of inside-out (ISO) membrane vesicles, Z. mobilis ZM1 was grown aerobically into mid-logarithmic phase at 30ЊC in liquid medium containing 1% yeast extract, 2% glucose, and 0.1% KH 2 PO 4 . ISO membrane vesicles were prepared as described previously (6), with the following modifications. Cells were harvested by sedimentation, washed twice in 50 mM Tris acetate (pH 6...

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confidence: 99%

“…Although it is classified as an anaerobic bacterium, genus Zymomonas grows relatively well in the presence of oxygen (2,3). Though the growth rate is lower in the presence of oxygen than under anaerobic conditions, the molar growth yield does not decrease (3). Z. mobilis appears to lack an oxidative electron transport phosphorylation (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in Zymomonas mobilis

1995

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“…Highest counts of Z. mobilis (> 9 log cfu mL -1 ) in SSDL broth was noted in static cultivation. Previous studies found higher counts of Z. mobilis under anaerobic condition in comparison to aerobic one (Bringer et al 1984;McLellan et al 1999). It is reported that the extremely effective action of oxygen as electron acceptor could provide a disturbance in biosynthesis metabolic reactions of different microorganisms causing a decreased specific growth rate (O'Brien and Morris, 1971).…”

Section: Microbial Growthmentioning

confidence: 82%

Production of ethanol from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.) pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Silva

Stamford

Andrade

et al. 2010

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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This study aimed to assess the use of mesquite pods hydrated mash as biomass for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFEPEDA-1012 and Zymomonas mobilis UFEPEDA-205 and for ethanol production using a submerged fermentation. A 2 3 factorial design was used to analyze the effects of the type of microorganism, time of fermentation and condition of cultivation on the ethanol production in mesquite pods mash (30 g 100 mL -1 ). From the obtained results the hydrated mesquite pods mash presented as a good substrate for the growth of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis in comparison to the standard media. The effect that most affected the ethanol production was the type of microorganism. The highest ethanol concentration (141.1 gL -1 ) was found when Z. mobilis was cultivated in mesquite pods mash under static condition for 36 hrs. Ethanol production by S. cerevisiae was higher (44.32 gL -1 ) after 18 hrs of fermentation under static condition. According to these results, the mesquite pods could be known as an alternative substrate to be used for biotechnological purposes, mainly for ethanol production.

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“…Both aerobic growth and the formation of certain by-products require reducing equivalents and are therefore in direct competition with the enzyme of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, ADH, which also requires free NADH for ethanol production 3,6,16,27,28 . In this case, biomass production is also low 4,5,23 . Although acetaldehyde is known to inhibit growth and possibly have an inhibitory effect on fermentation, low levels have also been shown to stimulate growth 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Up to 98% of the substrate pyruvate is converted, via acetaldehyde, into ethanol and CO 2 22 . However, numerous studies have shown that acetaldehyde, a toxic precursor of ethanol, accumulates under aerobic conditions 5,16,18,27,29 as well as during by-product formation (e.g., mannitol) from, in particular, the fermentation of fructose and/or sucrose 28,29 . Both aerobic growth and the formation of certain by-products require reducing equivalents and are therefore in direct competition with the enzyme of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, ADH, which also requires free NADH for ethanol production 3,6,16,27,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Zymomonas mobilis subsp. francensis Growth and Acetaldehyde Production

Coton¹,

Laplace

Guichard³

et al. 2008

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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An experimental plan was designed to determine the incidence of factors encountered during cider production on Zymomonas mobilis subsp. francensis growth and acetaldehyde production. Different factor combinations of pH (3.50 to 4.10), SO 2 addition (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L), nitrogen source concentrations (0.5 and 5.0 g/L), polyphenol cider marc extract supplementation (0.25 and 1.00 g/L), temperature (12°C, 18.5°C and 25°C) and inoculation level (10 2 and 10 5 CFU/mL) were tested over a 30-day period at regular time intervals in synthetic medium with ethanol. Viable cell counts and acetaldehyde production were correlated. Individually, and in decreasing significance, the following factors influenced acetaldehyde production: nitrogen source, SO 2 addition, inoculation level, temperature and pH. On the other hand, presence of polyphenol cider marc extract was not significant. A model was determined based on factor interactions. At high contamination levels (10 5 CFU/mL), conditions leading to a high risk for spoilage were observed at pH values ranging from 3.75 to 4.10, at 0 to 50 mg/L total SO 2 and in the presence of 5 g/L nitrogen source (yeast extract) while temperature did not in fact appear to play a key role. At lower contamination levels (10 2 CFU/mL), the risk was drastically reduced. The only conditions leading to increased acetaldehyde levels were a high pH 4.1, no added SO 2 and high nitrogen source concentration (5 g/L yeast extract).

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Effect of oxygen on the metabolism of Zymomonas mobilis

Cited by 100 publications

References 17 publications

A novel aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in Zymomonas mobilis

A novel aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in Zymomonas mobilis

Production of ethanol from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.) pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Factors Affecting Zymomonas mobilis subsp. francensis Growth and Acetaldehyde Production

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