Effect of oxygen content on the electrochromic properties of sputtered tungsten oxide films with Li+ insertion

The colored and bleached properties of tungsten oxide electrochromic films with different substrate conductivities

“…WO 3 films can be prepared by a variety of methods, including electron-beam evaporation, sputter deposition, thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, and the sol-gel process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Among these methods reactive * Corresponding author at: sputtering is the most suitable for large area applications such as automobile glass and architecture building glass [14,15].…”

Electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation in non-crystalline films of tungsten trioxide

“…These films can be amorphous or polycrystalline depending on preparation method. These films have previously been deposited by various different techniques such as sputtering [7][8][9][10], pulsed laser [11,12], thermal evaporation [13][14][15], wet chemical method [16][17][18][19][20][21], sol-gel [22], and spray pyrolysis [23,24]. However, the properties of the films are significantly affected by the film crystallinity.…”

Towards a thin films electrochromic device using NASICON electrolyte

“…2b) and the colouring levels rose up to 86% at 3 Pa. Three mechanisms could be involved to explain this effect: To ensure the convenient morphology, a total pressure of 3 Pa has been chosen for other tests and system building, whatever the synthesis configuration used. The degree of oxygen substoichiometry is known to influence significantly the colouring efficiency of WO 3−x [10]. According to our knowledge, there is a lack of reports about the influence of the gas mixture on the lateral homogeneity of the WO 3−x colouring efficiency.…”