Effect of Overt Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes and Progression

Nabi, Tauseef; Rafiq, Nadeema; Arifa, Quratul Ain; Mishra, Shailendra

doi:10.1007/s13224-022-01649-4

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The data on development of postpartum diabetes following ODiP are limited and heterogeneous 7–9 . The available studies have evaluated women close to the time of delivery and the diagnostic criteria for ODiP have been at variance with the standard guidance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these studies defined ODiP based on a retrospective audit of women undergoing GTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and thus missed out on ODiP in early pregnancy 7,8 . Similarly, Nabi et al prospectively evaluated 32 women and found diabetes in 14.8% (4/27) at 1 month and 25.0% (6/24) at 6 months postpartum 9 . However, even this study excluded women diagnosed with hyperglycemia in pregnancy before 12 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rise can impose enormous pressure on human and economic resources of the health care system. Globally, there are only three studies that have evaluated the prevalence of diabetes in women with ODiP in the first 6 months following childbirth 7–9 . These include reports by Wong et al ( n = 133; 21% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 7 Park et al ( n = 71; 73% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 8 and Nabi et al ( n = 24; 25.0% diabetes at 6 months postpartum) 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, there are only three studies that have evaluated the prevalence of diabetes in women with ODiP in the first 6 months following childbirth. 7 , 8 , 9 These include reports by Wong et al ( n = 133; 21% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 7 Park et al ( n = 71; 73% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 8 and Nabi et al ( n = 24; 25.0% diabetes at 6 months postpartum). 9 Thus, long‐term glycemic data are limited and little is known about metabolic outcomes beyond 6 months postpartum in such women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 , 8 , 9 These include reports by Wong et al ( n = 133; 21% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 7 Park et al ( n = 71; 73% diabetes at 6–8 weeks postpartum), 8 and Nabi et al ( n = 24; 25.0% diabetes at 6 months postpartum). 9 Thus, long‐term glycemic data are limited and little is known about metabolic outcomes beyond 6 months postpartum in such women. We know that women with GDM have an increased cardiovascular risk and biologically, the association with cardiovascular diseases is likely to be stronger with ODiP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

Gupta,

Goyal,

Ambekar

et al. 2023

Journal of Diabetes

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PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with a history of overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP) and compare with women having a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in pregnancy.MethodsWe have an established longitudinal cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia (preexisting diabetes [PED] [n = 101], ODiP [n = 92], GDM [n = 643]), and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy. For this study, we excluded women with PED and invited other eligible women in a fasting state for clinical and biochemical evaluation.ResultsWe evaluated 918 women with a mean (SD) age of 33.6 (5.0) years and at a median (interquartile range) postpartum interval of 31 (20–45) months. Diabetes was diagnosed in 65 (70.7%) women in ODiP compared to 99 (15.4%) in GDM (p < .001) and 4 (2.2%) in normoglycemia group (p < .001). In the ODiP group, the prevalence of diabetes was 47.4% among women tested in the first year postpartum, increasing to 86.8% among women tested at >3 years postpartum. Diabetes was more common when ODiP was diagnosed in the first (27/29, 93.1%) compared to the second trimester of pregnancy (35/57, 61.4%). The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes in ODiP was 14.82 (95% confidence interval, 8.49–25.87; p < .001; reference category: GDM).ConclusionsThe prevalence of postpartum diabetes was significantly higher in women with ODiP compared to GDM. Nearly 50% of women with ODiP did not develop diabetes in the first year of follow‐up, especially when ODiP was diagnosed after the first trimester of pregnancy and on the basis of a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test value. Such women are amenable to prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

Gupta,

Goyal,

Ambekar

et al. 2023

Journal of Diabetes

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A Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Pregnancies in Women Affected by Overt Diabetes Compared to Women Affected by Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes

Dalfrà,

Burlina,

Fioretti

et al. 2024

Endocrines

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Background: Pregestational diabetes mellitus, if not well controlled, determines maternal and fetal complications. According to the new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus can also occur in early pregnancy (overt diabetes). Aim: This study aims to determine pregnancy outcomes in women with overt diabetes compared to women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this retrospective study, we selected women with pre-existing type 2 and overt diabetes who had at least one pregnancy in the 2010–2022 period at the Diabetic Care Unit of Padova. Results: We analyzed 83 pregnancies, and overt diabetes was diagnosed in 18 pregnancies. In total, 95.5% of patients with overt diabetes and 48% of T2DM patients were immigrants (p < 0.143). No patients with overt diabetes planned their pregnancy, while pregnancy was planned in 26.3% of patients with pre-exiting type 2 diabetes (p < 0.05). Periconception and first-trimester glycemic control were the worst in patients with overt diabetes (HbA1c 9.7 ± 3.1% vs. 7.3% ± 2.3%, p < 0.044, at first visit; 8.1 ± 1.9% and 7.0 ± 1.6%, p < 0.037 in the first trimester) with respect to patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. As for maternal outcomes, 16.6% of pregnancies ended in miscarriage, and 5.5% of women developed gestational hypertension; as for newborn outcomes, 16.6% of newborns were LGA, and 11.1% were affected by congenital anomalies without any significant difference with respect to women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. The high rate of congenital malformations in pregnancies of women with overt diabetes is probably a result of the poor, metabolic control observed during the periconception period when the organogenesis of the fetus takes place. Conclusions: It is essential to utilize procedures for diabetes screening in women of childbearing age not only at the beginning of the pregnancy, but also during the preconception phase or the postmenarcheal period when strong risk factors for diabetes onset are present, such as a high BMI, glycemic disorders, and those who fall under high-risk ethnicity categories.

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Effect of Overt Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes and Progression

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

A Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Pregnancies in Women Affected by Overt Diabetes Compared to Women Affected by Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes

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