Effect of overhead shading on fruit size and yield potential of kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia deliciosa</i>)

Snelgar, W. P.; Manson, P. J.; Hopkirk, G.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1991.11516153

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Shading of individual 'Hayward' fruit without canopy shading had no significant effect on percentage of dry matter or total soluble solids of fruit indicating the importance of the contribution of leaves to fruit development (Lawes 1989). In 'Hayward', shading of whole vines decreased °Brix at harvest and increased rate of fruit softening during storage, but differences were not commercially significant (Snelgar et al 1991). In this study, shading had no significant effect on fruit firmness or fruit colour at harvest (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of time of overhead shading on yield, fruit quality, and subsequent flowering of hardy kiwifruit,Actinidia arguta

Tiyayon

Strik²

2004

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The effect of overhead shading on yield, fruit quality, and subsequent flowering was studied in 4-year-old Actinidia arguta 'Ananasnaya' vines in Oregon, United States in 1998 and 1999. Experimental vines were shaded to 45% of full sun from 14 July to 14 August, 14 July to 10 September (harvest date), or 10 September to 16 November, 1998. Control vines were not shaded. Shading treatments were not repeated in 1999. Fruit fresh and dry weight development followed a similar growth pattern in all treatments. Shading had no effect on yield per vine or fruit fresh weight, length, diameter, and % soluble solids in 1998. Shading for 2 months before harvest significantly reduced fruit dry weight in 1998. Shading in 1998 did not affect percentage of budbreak or the number of buds, shoots, or fruitful shoots per vine in 1999. However, vines that were shaded had a significantly lower percentage of fruitful shoots than unshaded vines, especially vines shaded for 2 months before harvest in 1998. Vines shaded for 2 months before harvest had 48% fewer flowers and thus less yield than unshaded vines. one more cluster per shoot distally (at node 12) than vines shaded for 1 or 2 months before harvest the previous year. There was no treatment effect on fruit fresh weight, dry weight, length, diameter, seed number, or % soluble solids of marketable fruit in 1999. Results show that overhead shading, as might occur with dense canopies, did not have a large impact on fruit quality or yield in the current season, but reduced yield the following season. Overhead shading for 2 months before fruit harvest, led to the greatest reduction in flower number the following season confirming that the period before fruit harvest is an important time for flower bud evocation in this species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of time of overhead shading on yield, fruit quality, and subsequent flowering of hardy kiwifruit,Actinidia arguta

Tiyayon

Strik²

2004

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…A number of factors can influence fruit size in kiwifruit including: pollination (Hopping 1990); crop load on the vine (Lahav et al 1989;Richardson & McAneney 1990;Cooper & Marshall 1991;Snelgar et al 1991); water deficits (Prendergast et al 1987;Judd et al 1989;McAneney et al 1991); leaf area (Cooper & Marshall 1991 ;Tombesi et al 1994); and light (Grant & Ryugo 1984;Morgan et al 1985;Snelgar & Hopkirk 1988;Snelgar et al 1992). Some of these factors can have effects which carry over beyond the season that they occur in.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Fruit Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The results of controlled environment experiments and a field survey covering six major New Zealand kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) growing regions over 3 years showed, surprisingly, that the effect of temperature on the rate of fruit growth is small, at least during the second half of the fruit growth period. The considerable variation in the mean and standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest observed in the field among seasons and sites is therefore not attributable to temperature differences during the fruit-growing season. This raises the possibility that most of the factors affecting fruit growth rates may be established early in the season, so harvest fruit volumes can be predicted from early-season measurements. Mean fruit volumes observed in the field survey ranged from <85 ml (Kerikeri 1987 and Te Puke 1989) to > 130 ml (Kerikeri 1988 proportion of this should be attributed to management practices such as fruit thinning. The fruit growth curves could be described by a two-phase curve, with a reduction in slope 50-60 days after flowering. The initial phase, up to 50 days from flowering, produced growth rates of 1.55 ml/day. The second, slower phase of growth, averaged 0.42 ml/day over the period to harvest. A simple linear regression model was used to predict the mean fruit volume at harvest from measurements of fruit volume made at a given time during the period from 50 to 110 days from flowering (typically mid January and mid March, respectively). The percentage of the variation in mean fruit volume at harvest accounted for by the regression was 75% when based on measurements made 50 days from flowering and rose to nearly 98%, 110 days from flowering. A similar approach was used to predict the standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest. The observed standard deviation at harvest varied from 10 ml to just over 20 ml, which is within the range published by others. The regression of the standard deviation of the fruit volume at harvest on the standard deviation of fruit volume earlier in the season accounted for more than 80% of the observed variation from 50 days after flowering onwards.

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“…Training canes upwards at 60° during summer increases vegetative growth and reduces flowering (Snelgar & Manson 1990). Shading whole vines reduces the number of flowers on each shoot, but does not reduce budbreak (Snelgar et al 1991). It is also possible to increase flowering by manipulating vines during summer.…”

Section: Ld Treatments May Affect Flower Evocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is reduced by long photoperiods

Snelgar¹,

Clearwater

Walton

2007

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Mature kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward') vines grown under standard orchard management were exposed to 16-h photoperiods from the longest day in summer until after leaf fall in autumn. Photoperiod extension was achieved with tungsten halogen lamps that produced 2-8 µmols m -2 s -1 photosynthetically active radiation. Long day treatments did not affect fruit dry matter or fruit weight at harvest during the growing season that the treatments were applied or during the following growing season. However, flowering was reduced by 22% during the spring following treatment application. As this reduction in flowering was not accompanied by a decrease in budbreak, the long day effect is not consistent with a delay in the onset of winter chilling. It is suggested therefore, that the observed reduction in flowering may be because of a diminution of floral evocation.

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Effect of overhead shading on fruit size and yield potential of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of time of overhead shading on yield, fruit quality, and subsequent flowering of hardy kiwifruit,Actinidia arguta

Influence of time of overhead shading on yield, fruit quality, and subsequent flowering of hardy kiwifruit,Actinidia arguta

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Flowering of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is reduced by long photoperiods

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