Effect of organic vehicles on the pharmacokinetics of aminophylline administered intravenously to goats

Abstract

Aminophylline dissolved in water, propylene glycol, or dimethyl sulfoxide was administered intravenously to goats in a randomized cross-over experiment. Model-dependent and model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for theophylline were compared on the basis of the solvent used in the dosage form administered. No difference was found in any pharmacokinetic parameter. Thus, we found no evidence for the possibility that the organic solvents studied would confound pharmacokinetic investigations of theophylline and similar lipophilic drugs.

The pharmacokinetics of a slow-release theophylline preparation in horses after intravenous and oral administration

“…Errecalde et al, 1984;Ingvast Larson et al, 1985McKiernan et aL, 1981McKiernan et al, 1983Rail, 1980Davis et al, 1987Koritz et aL, 1981 A longer half-life is one of the goals in designing a slow-release formulation. This has not been accomplished in this case.…”

Selected pharmacokinetics of theophylline ethylenediamine in pre‐term and term goat kids

“…This 3-fold difference in clearance between neonatal and adult animals has also been found in the dog, rabbit and man (Alberola et al, 1993;Bonati et al, 1981;Bortolotti et al, 1993). Volume of distribution in the pre-term goat kid was larger at 0.69+0.04 L/kg than the adult goat with a steady-state volume of distribution of 0.50+0.04 L/kg (Davis, et al, 1987). The larger volume of distribution in the pre-term goat may be caused by poor albumin binding rate, as has been seen in puppies (Short & Clarke, 1984), and was shown by Cl, total body clearance; V ss , apparent volume of distribution at steady state; l z , terminal elimination rate constant; t 1/2 , terminal elimination half-life, expressed as the harmonic mean and median; t max , time to peak concentration; C max , peak concentration; MAT, mean absorption time; F, bioavailability.…”

“…The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by the analysis of Table 1 compared with clearance values for i.v. administration in the adult goat (Davis et al, 1987) are 1.12+0.15 mL/Kg/min vs. 0.32+0.06 mL/kg/ min in the pre-term goat. This 3-fold difference in clearance between neonatal and adult animals has also been found in the dog, rabbit and man (Alberola et al, 1993;Bonati et al, 1981;Bortolotti et al, 1993).…”

Effect of some organic vehicles on the rate of elimination of intravenously administered ronidazole in pigeons

“…Although non-aqueous vehicles are often used in veterinary medicine, only one report was found on the influence of non-aqueous vehicles on drug pharmacokinetics. Davis et al (1987) compared the pharmacokinetics of aminophylline administered intravenously to goats, dissolved either in water or in binary co-solvent-water mixtures such as propylene glycoVwater (50:50; v/v) or dirnethylsulphoxide/water (50:50; v/v). T h e authors reported that no influence was found on the pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated.…”