Effect of organic matter on splash detachment and the processes involved

Ekwue, E.I.

doi:10.1002/esp.3290150208

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Table 6 shows that penetration resistance decreased with increasing peat contents in all the soils. This result is in agreement with the findings of Ekwue (1990) and Zhang et al (2005) which showed that peat reduces soil strength. Peat reduces soil strength by just adding to the soil bulk, reducing its inter-aggregate stability and making the soil aggregates to fall apart (Ekwue, 1987).…”

Section: Peat Contentsupporting

confidence: 94%

Soil Loss-Rainfall Duration Relations as Affected by Peat Content, Soil Type and Compaction Effort

Ekwue¹,

Ramoutar²

2011

Soil Erosion Studies

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Section: Peat Contentsupporting

confidence: 94%

Soil Loss-Rainfall Duration Relations as Affected by Peat Content, Soil Type and Compaction Effort

Ekwue¹,

Ramoutar²

2011

Soil Erosion Studies

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“…Organics are an especially eective aggregation factor in soils of low clay content (Baver et al, 1972;Brady, 1984). Quite small additions of organic material or clay to very sandy soils can reduce erosion risk substantially (Ekwue et al, 1993). In this respect it is important to note that, of the mineral soils considered in this study, the two most resistant to erosion had high organic or clay content.…”

Section: Discussion Of Determination Of Soil Structure Controls On Ermentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Consideration of ln-transformed data only led to a slight improvement in the case of the relationship between soil moisture and the threshold for individual peds or frequent ped erosion, whereas the organic content clearly increases the resistance to erosion of mineral soils (see Ekwue, 1990;Gilley et al, 1993;Guerra, 1994). Finally, several factors were considered in combination with the erosion threshold data.…”

Section: Analysis Of Soil Properties Determining Critical Shear Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forward and backward regression of the individual soil's properties once again isolated only organic content as being of primary signi®cance in determining thresholds for erosion, although inclusion of the penetrometer data or the gravel content slightly reduced the residual variance. However, it was clear from all the analyses that an increasing organic content was the primary signi®cant factor that increased resistance of soil to water erosion, probably through the propensity for organic-rich soils to develop stable aggregates that are more resistant to entrainment than individual sand grains unbound by organic compounds (Low, 1954;Greenland et al, 1975;Ekwue, 1990). However, organic content is not readily assessed in the ®eld, and so further consideration was given to compressive strength and penetrometer data.…”

Section: Analysis Of Soil Properties Determining Critical Shear Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The erodibility of upland soils and the design of preafforestation drainage networks in the United Kingdom

Carling

Glaister

Flintham³

1997

Hydrol. Process.

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Hydraulic thresholds for erosion of fourteen upland mineral and organic soils were determined in a hydraulic¯ume. These soils are from areas to be aorested in the United Kingdom. Some of the group are erosion resistant but others are susceptible to erosion once denuded of vegetation; for example, by preaorestation ploughing. These threshold data were required to calibrate a hydraulic model for eective design of preaorestation drainage networks on a variety of soils. However, simple ®eld measures of soil properties indicative of erosion potential would be of value to the forestry industry for management purposes. Consequently, hydraulic threshold data were related by linear regression methods to basic soil properties, including organic content, grain size, bulk density, compression strength and penetration resistance.The investigation concluded that four peat soils are not eroded by clear water velocities up to 5Á7 m s À1 , although a mineral bedload might induce erosion at lesser current speeds. Penetration resistance is a good ®eld indicator of the degree of humi®cation of the peat soils. Although selected physical parameters contribute resistance to water erosion, an increased organic content is pre-eminent in reducing erosion susceptibility in both organic and mineral soils. Although compressive strength was not indicative of soil erodibility, ®eld measurements of penetration resistance on a variety of soils could be related to hydraulic thresholds of erosion; albeit through the construction of discriminant functions interpolated by eye. Consequently, organic content (laboratory) or penetration resistance (®eld) might form the basis of classifying upland soils in terms of erodibility.Mineral soils dier widely in terms of their erodibility, so that subject to further consideration, the use of ploughing for forestry cultivation might be appropriate in wider circumstances than presently recommended by the Forests and Water Guidelines. Ploughing should be acceptable on deep peat providing the underlying mineral soil is not exposed in the bottom of the furrow, and furrows are not led from mineral soils on to deep peat.

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“…Changes in seasonal soil microbial and faunal activity can lead to seasonal dierences in soil aggregation and aggregate stability (Ekwue, 1990;Haynes and Swift, 1990). Thus, seasonal variations in soil properties play an important role in determining its susceptibility to erosion and other degradative processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation in properties of an uncropped, ploughed Miamian soil in relation to seasonal erodibility

1998

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Abstract:Knowledge of seasonal variation in soil structural and related properties is important for the determination of critical periods during which soil is susceptible to accelerated erosion and other degradative processes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the magnitude of seasonal variations in selected soil and deposited sediment properties in relation to soil erodibility for a Miamian silt-loam soil (Typic Hapludalf) in central Ohio. Erosion plots (USLE-type) were established on a 4 . 5% slope and maintained under bare, ploughed conditions from 1988 to 1991. Particle size distribution, bulk density(r b ), percentage water stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic carbon(SOC), and total soil nitrogen (TSN) of both soil and sediment samples were monitored between Autumn 1989 and Spring 1991. The soil and sediment particle size distributions followed no clear seasonal trends. Soil r b increased following tillage (1 . 20 Mg m 73) and was highest (1 . 45 Mg m 73 ) during the autumn owing to soil slumping and consolidation upon drying. Low winter and spring values of r b and %WSA (20±50% lower than in autumn) were attributed to excessive wetness and freeze±thaw eects. Both SOC and soil TSN contents progressively declined (from 2 . 18 to 1 . 79% and 1 . 97 to 1 . 75 g kg 71 , respectively) after ploughing owing to maintenance of plots under bare, fallow conditions. Spring highs and autumn lows of sediment SOC (3 . 12 vs. 2 . 44%) and TSN (2 . 70 vs.

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Effect of organic matter on splash detachment and the processes involved

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Soil Loss-Rainfall Duration Relations as Affected by Peat Content, Soil Type and Compaction Effort

Soil Loss-Rainfall Duration Relations as Affected by Peat Content, Soil Type and Compaction Effort

The erodibility of upland soils and the design of preafforestation drainage networks in the United Kingdom

Temporal variation in properties of an uncropped, ploughed Miamian soil in relation to seasonal erodibility

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