Effect of Oral Androstenedione on Serum Testosterone and Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Men

King, Douglas S.; Sharp, Rick L.; Vukovich, Matthew D.; Brown, Gregory A.; Reifenrath, Tracy A.; Uhl, N. L.; Parsons, Kerry A.

doi:10.1001/jama.281.21.2020

Cited by 197 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Even though only 12-14% of androstenedione is converted peripherally to T, 37,38 this amount accounts for about half the circulating T in women. As the peripheral contribution to blood T is far greater in young adult women than men, ingestion of modest amounts of DHEA, androstenediol or androstenedione is likely to raise circulating T. For example, even a single 100-mg oral dose of androstenedione to two women increased their plasma T concentration four-and sevenfold, respectively, 39 whereas the same acute dose to men (n=10) did not a¡ect either free or total serum T. 32 A recent study, in which a single dose of androstenedione (100 mg) was administered to ten young women, showed that the plasma T concentrations increased from *1nmol/ L to a maximum mean of 25¢1nmol/ L at 75 min and remained signi¢cantly di¡erent from control values between 30 min and 8 h post-administration. 40 The mean exposure (as determined by area under the curve) to testosterone was greater than an order of magnitude compared to the control period, and the plasma concentrations observed were similar to those encountered in abuse of T for anabolic purposes.…”

Section: Effects On Muscle Size and Strength In Manmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Following very large doses of DHEA (1600 mg/ day for 28 days) to ¢ve young eugonadal men, free and total serum T did not increase. 31 With regard to androstenedione, chronic administration of 300 mg/ day to male volunteers aged 19-40 years resulted in considerable inter-individual variability to changes in serum T. King et al 32 showed no signi¢cant increase in serum T over an 8-week administration period (n=10), whereas Leder et al 33 reported a signi¢cant increase after 7 days of administration (n=14), but only a few of those subjects (n=4) had serum T concentrations that exceeded the reference range. For androstenediol, Uralets and Gillette 35,36 administered the ¢ 4 and the ¢ 5 forms to male volunteers and reported urinary concentrations of T in the former study.…”

Section: Effects On Muscle Size and Strength In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

2003

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International Olympic Committee accredited laboratories play a key role in upholding the principle of fair play and innate ability, as desired by the majority of sports competitors and spectators. Not only does doping damage the image of sport, but it can also be harmful to the individual. The great majority of samples test negative but, when an adverse nding is declared, the analytical data must be of a suf ciently high standard to withstand legal challenges by third parties. The most widely misused performance-enhancing drugs are the anabolic-androgenic steroids, commonly referred to as 'anabolic steroids'. This review attempts to address the complex issues concerning anabolic steroids in sport by considering the clinical, biochemical and analytical perspectives. Fifty years of anabolic steroids and sport: an overviewThe discovery of a process for synthesizing the steroid testosterone (T) from cholesterol in 1935 1 greatly accelerated scienti¢c investigations into the e¡ects of this endogenous androgen. T rapidly became noted for its anabolic properties in increasing muscle size and strength and in its androgenic properties of increasing virilization and aggression. In a comprehensive review of the history of the use of anabolic steroids in sport, Todd 2 noted that, as early as 1945, the science writer Paul de Kreuf had speculated that`it would be interesting to watch the productive power of [a] . . . professional group [of athletes] that would try a systematic supercharge with testosterone . . .'.In the early 1950s, the ¢rst suspicion that T was actually being administered to improve sporting performance came with the allegation that Soviet weightlifters were administering T to gain strength. 2 Also, around that time, pharmaceutical companies were developing synthetic analogues of T with the aim of treating patients in a`catabolic state', the objective being to enhance the anabolic e¡ects of T and to dissociate the unwanted androgenic e¡ects (particularly to minimize the viriliz ing e¡ects). Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) was the ¢rst synthetic analogue of T to show enough anabolic-androgenic dissociation in animal experiments 3 to justify its introduction as a therapeutic agent. 4 Subsequently, numerous analogues of T [and also its 5a-reduced metabolite, 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] were developed (see Fig. 1), such as methandienone (methandrostenolone), oxymesterone and stanozolol (for dates of patent awards see Ref. 5). With the growing availability of these licensed compounds, competitors began to experiment with them in an attempt to gain improvements in sporting performance without imparting the full androgenic e¡ects associated with T. During the 1960s, a number of deaths occurred in sports competitors from the use of stimulants and, as a result, in 1967 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) reestablished a medical commission (an IOC Medical Commission was rst established in Athens in 1961; see Ref. 6) which banned the practice of doping in sport, the banned classes including stimula...

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Section: Effects On Muscle Size and Strength In Manmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effects On Muscle Size and Strength In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

2003

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“…Chrysin and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone have been proposed as aro- matase inhibitors (20). However, in vivo studies do not show proof of aromatase inhibitor activity by chrysin in rats or humans (21,22). Presumably, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone might not inhibit aromatase, either.…”

Section: Kinases a Binding Assay Demonstrated That Increasing Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A selective TrkB agonist with potent neurotrophic activities by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone

Jang

Liu²,

Yepes³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

597

595

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a cognate ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) receptor, mediates neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. However, BDNF has a poor pharmacokinetic profile that limits its therapeutic potential. Here we report the identification of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as a bioactive high-affinity TrkB agonist that provokes receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone protected wild-type, but not TrkB-deficient, neurons from apoptosis. Administration of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone to mice activated TrkB in the brain, inhibited kainic acid-induced toxicity, decreased infarct volumes in stroke in a TrkB-dependent manner, and was neuroprotective in an animal model of Parkinson disease. Thus, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone imitates BDNF and acts as a robust TrkB agonist, providing a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of various neurological diseases.

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“…54 Most studies have found no change in testosterone levels but have confirmed increasing estrogen levels in male individuals. 4 Specific to athletes, King et al 55 in 1999 published a series of 20 healthy male individuals with 8 weeks of standardized resistance training, whereby androstenedione was given in a double-blinded manner versus placebo. At the conclusion of the testing period, those who received the drug showed no change in any athletic measure or testosterone levels but were found to have significantly increased estrone and estradiol levels.…”

Section: Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes

2006

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Ergogenic drugs are substances that are used to enhance athletic performance. These drugs include illicit substances as well as compounds that are marketed as nutritional supplements. Many such drugs have been used widely by professional and elite athletes for several decades. However, in recent years, research indicates that younger athletes are increasingly experimenting with these drugs to improve both appearance and athletic abilities. Ergogenic drugs that are commonly used by youths today include anabolic-androgenic steroids, steroid precursors (androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone), growth hormone, creatine, and ephedra alkaloids. Reviewing the literature to date, it is clear that children are exposed to these substances at younger ages than in years past, with use starting as early as middle school. Anabolic steroids and creatine do offer potential gains in body mass and strength but risk adverse effects to multiple organ systems. Steroid precursors, growth hormone, and ephedra alkaloids have not been proven to enhance any athletic measures, whereas they do impart many risks to their users. To combat this drug abuse, there have been recent changes in the legal status of several substances, changes in the rules of youth athletics including drug testing of high school students, and educational initiatives designed for the young athlete. This article summarizes the current literature regarding these ergogenic substances and details their use, effects, risks, and legal standing.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Effect of Oral Androstenedione on Serum Testosterone and Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Men

Abstract: Androstenedione supplementation does not increase serum testosterone concentrations or enhance skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance training in normotestosterogenic young men and may result in adverse health consequences.

Cited by 197 publications

References 40 publications

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

A selective TrkB agonist with potent neurotrophic activities by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone

Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes

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