Effect of optical digitizer selection on the application accuracy of a surgical localization system?a quantitative comparison between the OPTOTRAK and flashpoint tracking systems

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Obliquity and Anisometric Characteristics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Positions Using Surgical Navigation

“…This system has been shown to be accurate to 1°or 1 mm and to be highly reliable compared with an industrial robotic sensor. 14,17,22 Steinmann pins secured in both the distal femur and proximal tibia were mounted with reflective markers. Surface landmarks were recorded, intrarticular surface geometry was mapped, and the 3-D model was created.…”

Precision and Repeatability Analysis of Optotrak Certus as a Tool for Gait Analysis

“…The results of a measurement can be either accurate but not precise or precise but not accurate, neither or both. Accuracy is the degree of veracity while precision is the degree of reproducibility (Li, 1999;Richards, 1999;Currier, 1999). A result is called valid if it is both accurate and precise.…”

“…The reliability test of motion analysis system in the aspects of precision and repeatability was performed by Allard et al (1995) in terms of the frame-to-frame repeatability of the measurement. The landmark, distance between markers and angles studies investigated using Optotrak system (Glossop et al, 1996;Li, 1999;States, 1997;Richards, 1999), suggested about the reliability of motion analysis systems. In this paper, the precision and repeatability of OC is investigated using a three 3D robot and CMC analysis based on marker position, angle, volume, circular movement and object moving at different speed.…”

Improved accuracy of navigated drilling using a drill alignment device

“…[1][2][3][4] The accuracy of navigation systems has been shown to be precise to within 1 mm for linear measurements and to within 18 for angular measurements. 5,6 Maciunas et al defined precision in navigation as the sum of the errors in visualization, hardware, and software. 7 We also consider the surgeon to be an important component of this equation, such that clinically relevant precision ¼ errors of (visualization þ hardware þ software) þ surgeon errors.…”

“…3 The electronic components of the navigation system, such as the camera, the reflecting arrays, and the software calculation algorithms have high precision. 3,5,6 However, implementation of specific surgical tools to perform a variety of navigated procedures has been done within recent years, as evidenced by the increasing popularity and systems available for navigated total hip and knee replacement. 8 A precalibration process is necessary for these instruments to reduce registration failures, and studies concerning the general accuracy of these tools have only been described for specific indications.…”