Effect of Opt-In vs Opt-Out Framing on Enrollment in a COVID-19 Surveillance Testing Program

Oakes, Allison H.; Epstein, Jonathan A.; Ganguly, Arupa; Park, Saehwan; Evans, Chalanda N.; Patel, Mitesh S.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12434

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Data was subsequently extracted from 15 records, 13 – 27 with 10 records ultimately being deemed eligible for inclusion. 18 – 27 The remaining five records were excluded for the following reasons: Not a SWAT (n = 2), 13 , 14 host trial not randomised (n = 2), 16 , 17 and SWAT was hypothetical (n = 1). 15 A PRISMA flowchart is presented in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Searches identified 7815 records of which 90 were assessed for eligibility through full-text review. Data was subsequently extracted from 15 records, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] with 10 records ultimately being deemed eligible for inclusion. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The remaining five records were excluded for the following reasons: Not a SWAT (n = 2), 13,14 host trial not randomised (n = 2), 16,17 and SWAT was hypothetical (n = 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do recruitment SWAT interventions have an impact on participant retention in randomised controlled trials? A systematic review

Arundel,

Clark

2023

Clinical Trials

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Background Evidence-based methods for randomised controlled trial recruitment and retention are extremely valuable. Despite increased testing of these through studies within a trial, there remains limited high-certainty evidence for effective strategies. In addition, there has been little consideration as to whether recruitment interventions also have an impact on participant retention. Methods A systematic review was conducted. Studies were eligible if they were randomised controlled trials using a recruitment intervention and which also assessed the impact of this on retention at any time point. Searches were conducted through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository. Two independent reviewers screened the search results and extracted data for eligible studies using a piloted extraction form. Results A total of 7815 records were identified, resulting in 10 studies being included in the review. Most studies (n = 6, 60%) focussed on the information given to participants (n = 6, 60%), with two (20%) focussing on incentives, and two focussing on trial design and recruiter interventions. Due to intervention heterogeneity, none of the interventions could be meta-analysed. Only one study found any statistically significant effect of letters including a photograph (odds ratio: 5.40, 95% CI 1.12–26.15, p = 0.04). Conclusion Assessment of the impacts of recruitment strategies, evaluated in a SWAT, on retention of participants in the host trial remains limited. Assessment of the impact of recruitment interventions on retention is recommended to minimise future research costs and waste.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do recruitment SWAT interventions have an impact on participant retention in randomised controlled trials? A systematic review

Arundel,

Clark

2023

Clinical Trials

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“…Opt-out approaches have shown promise in increasing participation in research and population health programmes internationally. [8][9][10][11] This study aimed to investigate how changing enrolment in a low-risk digital health programme (txtpēpi) from opt-in to opt-out would impact enrolment and dropout rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is opt-out enrolment acceptable for low-risk digital health services?

Dobson

Uri

Whittaker

et al. 2022

J. Prim. Health Care

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Introduction. Digital health programmes not only complement existing services, but have the potential to reach populations that existing services are not reaching. Many of these services require people to opt-in to receive them, which presents significant barriers to access. An alternative is to make low-risk digital services opt-out, ensuring appropriate members of the target audience are signed up for a service unless they select to not receive it. Aim. This study aimed to investigate how changing enrolment in a low-risk digital health programme from opt-in to opt-out would impact on enrolment and dropout rates. Methods. This study involved the retrospective analysis of registration data from txtpēpi, a maternal and child health text-message programme. System-recorded data from enrolments during a 12-month period were obtained. In the first 6 months, users had to opt-in to the service (Period 1), but in the following 6 months, an opt-out process was implemented (Period 2). Results. There was a 77% increase in enrolments in Period 2 (n = 113) compared to Period 1 (n = 64) and no significant change in the proportion of enrolments of Māori between time periods (P = 0.508). There was no significant difference in withdrawal rates between time periods at either 2 weeks (5% vs 6%, P = 0.676) or 1 month (9% vs 9%, P = 0.907). Discussion. This study has shown switching from an opt-in to an opt-out option resulted in an increase in enrolments in an mHealth programme, but had no impact on withdrawals. This indicates that employing opt-out enrolment for low-risk evidence-based interventions is acceptable and a potential way to make these services more accessible.

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COVID-19 test-to-stay program for K-12 schools: Opt-in versus opt-out consent model

Ivanov,

Mukherjee,

Bose

et al. 2024

iScience

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Effect of Opt-In vs Opt-Out Framing on Enrollment in a COVID-19 Surveillance Testing Program

Abstract: Author Contributions: Drs Oakes and Patel had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Do recruitment SWAT interventions have an impact on participant retention in randomised controlled trials? A systematic review

Do recruitment SWAT interventions have an impact on participant retention in randomised controlled trials? A systematic review

Is opt-out enrolment acceptable for low-risk digital health services?

COVID-19 test-to-stay program for K-12 schools: Opt-in versus opt-out consent model

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