Effect of opium addiction on lipid profile and atherosclerosis formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Mohammadi, Gholamabbas; Darabi, Maryam; Nasry, Mohammad; Saabet-Jahromi, Mohammad-Javad; Afshar, Reza Malekpour; Sheibani, Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.etp.2008.08.001

Cited by 55 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The above finding of ours agrees very well with the study of Mohammadi et al (2009) that opium use can increase serum levels of lipids that ends up as atheroma formation in the aorta of addicted rats. They also found out an association between the duration of addiction and increase in serum level of lipids, a risk factor, for cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh

2014

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Context: Abuse of the drug, Phensedyl like any other drug might exert adverse effects on vital organs of the human body like liver, kidney and heart. Objectives:To determine the effects of Phensedyl intake on the serum biochemical parameters of the addicts in order to access for damages of vital human organs like liver, kidney and heart. Materials and Methods:Study population consisted of 127 male Phensedyl addicts within the ages of 18-55 years of defined criteria from Gaibandha district, a Northern part of Bangladesh, during July 2009 to December 2011. Fifty (50) non-drug dependent healthy men of matched age, height, and socioeconomic status were included as controls from the same community. Biochemical parameters analyzed were -Serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and Lipid profiles (total serum cholesterol (TC), Serum triglyceride (TG), serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol determined by semiautomatic biochemistry analyzer using commercially available kits Results: Abuse of Phensedyl appears not to hamper the normal renal and liver function in most of the addicts even after 8 years of Phensedyl intake irrespective of age except in case of 4 abusers. Serum total cholesterol (TC) remained almost unchanged among the addicts abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years. But very strikingly, addicts taking Phensedyl for more than 8 years had higher trends in serum cholesterol i.e. more than 200 ml/dl. Of the addict's, 44.36% abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years had normal triglyceride (TG) values whereas, in 45.66% addicts abusing the drug for more than 8 years had clinically very significantly elevated triglyceride levels, which was also found to be statistically very significant (p value =0.0001), indicating the risk of developing cardiac diseases. Of the total addicts 53.53% had low levels of HDL cholesterol, which is clinically and statistically found to be very significant (p value =0.002). Of the addict's 43% taking the drug for less than 8 years had normal LDL levels but significantly elevated values were recorded in 34% of the abusers who had been taking the drug for more than 8 years. Conclusion: Long time (> 8 years) Phensedyl abusers are at the high risk of developing Brain stroke, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) as there is the triad of: Elevated LDL cholesterol, Low HDL cholesterol and elevated Triglyceride.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh

2014

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“…The effect of opium especially in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases control which is the focus of many other studies in Iran (19,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), emphasize the importance of this popular believe in this topic. Some authors believe that the continual role of opiates as folk medicine constructs a genuine question about the immense difficulties affecting its elimination (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Iranian Common Attitude toward Opium Consumption

Zarghami

2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Iran is suffering from the 2 nd most severe addiction to opioids in the world. While the explanation of this enormous drug problem is refutably related to drug trafficking, the drug dilemma also illustrates the chain reaction of the imposed war with Iraq in 1980 -88; the problems of poverty, unemployment, urbanization, homelessness, adultery, family crises, divorce, domestic violence, and runaway children. Although opium addiction often linked to these factors, drug use is common among all social classes. It seems that a positive traditional attitude is another reason for widespread raw opium use in this country. A survey in Iranian literature reveals that famous Iranian poets, who have a substantial contribution on cultural attitude formation of Iranian population, have used the phrase "Teriac" (raw opium) as a means of "antidote" a substance that treats every disease. It seems that a concrete deduction from the literature has been leaden to a positive attitude towards opium consumption in Persian culture. Recent research also supports this idea. Many patients use raw opium as a pain killer or for treating hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and other chronic diseases; most of them had started the use after developing the disease and the remaining had increased the consumption after developing the disease. Regarding this superstitious common belief, drug control headquarters should focus on education and correction of the faulty unhealthy attitude toward opium consumption.

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“…Hamsters were monitored daily and body weights were recorded every 48 hours. Hamsters were sacrificed 24 hours after the final treatment, and blood samples were collected from their hearts (Mohammadi, 2009;Husain, 2005;Mohammadi, 2012). This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Kerman, Iran, 2009).…”

Section: Study Desingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some people consume opium and alcohol simultaneously and this type of dependence is an important health problem (Mohammadi, 2009). The aim of the present study was first, to assess the effect of consumption of ethanol or opium alone on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide level, antioxidant activity, and liver enzymes, and second, to investigate whether simultaneous consumption of ethanol and opium results in a synergistic or antagonizing effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The In vivo Biochemical and Oxidative Changes by Ethanol and Opium Consumption in Syrian Hamsters

Mohammadi¹,

Mirzaei²,

Jamshidi³

et al. 2013

IJB

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Daily consumption of opium and alcohol can make people have many health problems, including coronary artery disease diseases (CAD) which has been found to be the most common cause death in opium addicts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous consumption of alcohol and opium on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in Syrian golden hamsters. Twenty-four male golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n=6): 1-control (received normal chow), 2-opium (received 40 mg/kg of opium two times per day), 3-alcohol (received 6.0 g/kg of 30% ethanol two times per day), 4-combination group (received a combination of the above mentioned doses of opium and ethanol). After one month of treatment, hamsters were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. Lipid levels and atherogenic index were markedly increased in the combination group compared with the controls (p < 0.001). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.05), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.01), were significantly increased in alcohol-treated group compared with the control animals. The increase in ALT (p < 0.01) and GGT (p < 0.001) levels were more significant in the combination group when compared with the controls. The plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was markedly increased in the ethanol (p < 0.01), opium (p < 0.01) and combination groups (p < 0.001) compared with the controls. Glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT) levels as well as superoxide dismutase activity were markedly reduced in the ethanol (p < 0.05), opium (p < 0.05), and combination groups (p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Results of this study clearly showed that opium and ethanol are capable to provoke the oxidative stress when administered alone or in combination. Moreover, combination opium and alcohol increased total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C, atherogenic index and non-HDL-C levels.

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Effect of opium addiction on lipid profile and atherosclerosis formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh

Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh

Iranian Common Attitude toward Opium Consumption

The In vivo Biochemical and Oxidative Changes by Ethanol and Opium Consumption in Syrian Hamsters

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