Effect of Operating Parameters on the Performance of Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) is a hybrid wastewater treatment process that combines suspended and attached growth. The current review provides an overview of the effect of operating parameters on the performance of IFAS and their implications for wastewater treatment. The operating parameters examined include hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, temperature, nutrient loading rates, and aeration. Proper control and optimization of these parameters significantly enhance the treatment efficiency and pollutant removal. Longer HRT and appropriate SRT contribute to improved organic matter and nutrient removal. DO levels promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms, leading to enhanced organic matter degradation. Temperature influences microbial activity and enzymatic reactions, impacting treatment efficiency. Nutrient loading rates must be carefully managed to avoid system overload or inhibition. Effective aeration ensures uniform distribution of wastewater and biofilm carriers, optimizing contact between microorganisms and pollutants. IFAS has been used in water reuse applications, providing a sustainable and reliable water source for non-potable uses. Overall, IFAS has proven to be an effective and efficient treatment process that can provide high-quality effluent suitable for discharge or reuse. Understanding the effects of these operating parameters helps to optimize the design and operation for efficient wastewater treatment. Further research is needed to explore the interactions between different parameters, evaluate their impact under varying wastewater characteristics, and develop advanced control strategies for improved performance and sustainability.

Nanofiltration PVP Membrane with Gradient Cross-Linking for Efficient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Removal

“…Hydrophilic membranes have a strong affinity for water and polar solvents. A hydrophobic membrane has a contact angle greater than 90°, typically from 90 to 180° . Hydrophobic membranes repel water or polar solvents and are more compatible with nonpolar liquids .…”

“…A hydrophobic membrane has a contact angle greater than 90°, typically from 90 to 180°. 39 Hydrophobic membranes repel water or polar solvents and are more compatible with nonpolar liquids. 40 It is important to note that various factors, including surface chemistry, roughness, temperature, and the nature of the fluid in contact with the membrane, can influence the contact angle of a membrane.…”

Designing A Visible Light Driven TiO2-Based Photocatalyst by Doping and Co-Doping with Niobium (Nb) and Boron (B)

“…Various treatment techniques have been reported and established for wastewater remediation, including sedimentation [14,15], filtration [16,17], biofilms [18,19] and activated sludge [20,21]. However, these existing techniques encounter challenges in completely removing non-biodegradable pollutants due to constraints such as high chemical and energy consumption, prolonged reaction time, high operating costs, sludge generation and toxic gas release [22,23].…”

Assessment of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal Efficiency and Microbial Dynamics during Aerobically Degradation of Wastewater in Activated Sludge

“…The quintessential operating parameters that stimulus COD removal performance and microbial community structure embrace mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), food to microorganism (F/M) ratio, and sludge volume index (SVI) (Bitton, 2005;Tchobanoglous et al, 2014;Waqas et al, 2023). The MLSS is the concentration of suspended biomass in the aeration tank measured as mg/L.…”