Effect of Operating Conditions and TWC Parameters on Emissions Characteristics of a Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engine

Lou, Diming; Ren, Yedi; Li, Xiang; Zhang, Yunhua; Sun, Xiuyun

doi:10.3390/en13184905

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…6 The second group involves passive solutions to reduce pollutant compounds across the exhaust line with the use ATS. 7 For example, the three-way catalyst (TWC) allows oxidate and reduce gaseous pollutant compounds, 8 while the particle filter reduces the PM emission. 9 The fuel type has a direct influence on the pollutant compounds emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the aftertreatment performance in HD-SI engine fueled with LPG

Bermúdez

Ruíz

Conde

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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This research/article aimed to analyze the influence of an after-treatment system (ATS) on emissions of a heavy-duty spark-ignition (HD-SI) engine fueled with liquified D:\APP-SERVER\3B2\3B2AUTO\LOGO\petroleum gas (LPG), in the context of current Euro VI emissions requirements. The ATS is composed by a three-way catalyst (TWC) in series with a diesel particle filter (DPF). Emissions testing were carried out on an engine test bench according to homologation procedures, performing both world harmonized stationary cycle (WHSC) and world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC), to study the effects of the engine operating parameters on pollutant emissions behavior and ATS performance during steady and dynamic states, respectively. Instruments used were a gas analyzer Horiba MEXA ONE to measure gaseous emissions, HORIBA OBS ONE PN to measure particle matter (PM) concentration, and spectrometer TSI EEPS 3090 to measure PM concentration and particle size distribution (PSD). The results showed some important aspects such as the effects of engine speed and load on pollutant emissions formation and ATS performance, the influence of the three-way catalyst (TWC) on particulate matter (PM) reduction due to the relationship between volatile unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and the emergence of nucleation-mode particles, stressing that ATS implementation is mandatory to meet the current emissions requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the aftertreatment performance in HD-SI engine fueled with LPG

Bermúdez

Ruíz

Conde

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The NOx generation is mainly affected by the in-cylinder temperature, and the NOx emission increases exponentially as the in-cylinder temperature increases [31]. Therefore, increasing the engine speed leads to a significant increase in NOx emissions [32]. Delaying EVO allows a small amount of in-cylinder gas to remain in the combustion chamber, reducing the efficiency of the air exchange.…”

Section: Rsm Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Parameter Sensitivity on Engine Optimization Results

Jiang,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Energies

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The effects of six control parameters, intake valve opening timing (IVO), exhaust valve opening timing (EVO), compression ratio (CR), engine speed, intake temperature, and intake pressure on engine output power, indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, are analyzed through engine simulation. The six parameters were categorized into two groups based on the degree of influence: high influence (EVO, speed and intake pressure) and low influence (CR, IVO and intake temperature). The relationship between these two groups of parameters and power, ISFC and NOx emissions was explored. Optimization was carried out for each of the two groups of parameters, and the optimization of the high impact parameters resulted in a higher diversity and wider distribution of the solution set. On the other hand, the optimization of the low-impact parameters resulted in a more concentrated distribution of the solution set, while better reflecting the trade-off between the optimization objectives. For the optimal solutions for both sets of parameters, the high-impact parameters provided significant optimization performance compared to the standard operating conditions. Although power and ISFC were optimized, the optimal solution for the low-impact parameter performed poorly with a significant increase in NOx emissions. Therefore, the parameters should be evaluated for optimization using high impact parameters to improve engine performance.

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“…In addition to the partial deactivation of the catalyst, another probable reason for the relatively high emissions was the fluctuating lambda value. Indeed, close control of the exhaust gas composition is essential for high emission conversion as the composition of the gas entering the TWC significantly affects its catalytic efficiency [34]. For simultaneous conversion of HC, CO, and NO x species in the TWC, the engine must be operated within a very narrow AFR window-near stoichiometric conditions-due to a rapid drop in NO x conversion efficiency on the lean side and a non-complete conversion of hydrocarbons both in lean and rich stoichiometry [10].…”

Section: Hot-start Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus

et al. 2022

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Transition to low emission transportation and cleaner cities requires a broad introduction of low- and zero-carbon alternatives to conventional petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles. New-generation gas buses are a cost-effective way to reduce local air pollutants from urban transportation. Moreover, major greenhouse gas (GHG) savings may be achieved using biogas as the power source. The main objective of this research was to investigate CH4 and other gaseous emissions of a biogas-fueled urban bus equipped with a three-way catalyst (TWC) in real-world conditions. The study focused on emissions from a six-year-old gas-powered city bus, supplementing emission data from aging bus fleets. Impaired CH4 oxidation and NOx reduction were observed in the catalyst after its service life of 375,000 km–400,000 km. The main reason for low CH4 and NOx conversion over the TWC was concluded to be the partial deactivation of the catalyst. Another critical issue was the fluctuating air-to-fuel ratio. The results show that the efficiency of exhaust after-treatment systems should be closely monitored over time, as they are exposed to various aging processes under transient driving conditions, leading to increased real-world emissions. However, the well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis showed that an 80% GHG emission benefit could be achieved by switching from diesel to biomethane, giving a strong environmental argument for biogas use.

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Effect of Operating Conditions and TWC Parameters on Emissions Characteristics of a Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engine

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of the aftertreatment performance in HD-SI engine fueled with LPG

Analysis of the aftertreatment performance in HD-SI engine fueled with LPG

Study on the Effect of Parameter Sensitivity on Engine Optimization Results

Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus

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