Effect of one-step and two-step H3PO4 activation on activated carbon characteristics

Oginni, Oluwatosin; Singh, Kaushlendra; Oporto, Gloria S.; Dawson-Andoh, Benjamin; McDonald, Louis M.; Sabolsky, Edward M.

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100307

Cited by 85 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is to describe how the solute interacts with the adsorbents at optimize condition. Several adsorption isotherms have been studied such as Langmuir and the Freundlich Isotherms which used to determine the adsorbates layer formation on the surface of adsorbent [17]. The analysis of the equilibrium data by fitting them into different isotherms models is a very important step to find a suitable model that can be used for design purposes [15].…”

Section: Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid – treated activated carbon for phenolic compound removal in acid pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production

2020

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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Phenolic compound can be an inhibitor during acid pre-treatment process in the conversion of biomass into bioenergy and consequently reduces the production yield. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential use of activated carbon from coconut shell for phenolic compound removal and gallic acid was used as model phenolic. Granular activated carbon was treated by using 20% concentration of phosphoric acid to its properties and function. Acid treated and untreated activated carbon were characterized in term of morphology, surface functionalities and material phase by means of SEM, FT-IR and XRD. Few parameters that influenced the removal of gallic acid were studied which included the effect of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, contact time, and pH. It is observed that the acid treated activated carbon was successfully remove the gallic acid for about 97% using of 0.5g/L adsorbent dosage, with initial concentration of 100 mg/L, at pH value of 4 and 150 minutes contact time. The adsorption behavior was fixed with Langmuir isotherm fixed the experiment data which indicates homogenous adsorption. These experimental results also revealed that coconut shell based activated carbon is viable cheaper adsorbent for phenolic compound removal.

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Section: Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid – treated activated carbon for phenolic compound removal in acid pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production

2020

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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“…Double-sided adhesive tape was used to fix the activated carbon sample to the specimen stub. The carbon sample was transferred into the vacuum chamber, where the microscope scanned the sample with an electron beam (Oginni et al 2019). Using the instrument software, the micrographs were obtained at a high voltage of 20 kV, the scanning internal was 15 mm, and the acquisition time was 100 s.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are usually three methods for the preparation of amphoteric nitrogenous functional groups with activated carbons. One method is directly activating the nitrogencontaining material with an activator such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (Oginni et al 2019). Lorenc-Grabowska et al (2013) used nitric acid as an activator to treat the raw materials and perform a redox reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of bio-based activated carbon from fish scales

Zhang

2020

BioRes

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The object of this study was to prepare activated carbons containing nitrogenous functional groups by a chemical method from nitrogen-containing raw materials. Fish (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales were impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and activated at varied temperatures. The adsorption ability, structural characteristics, surface chemistry, and morphology of the activated carbons were characterized by methylene blue and iodine values, nitrogen adsorption, the Boehm method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The total alkaline groups content of the activated carbon produced from fish scales was 0.4330 mmol/g, the total acidic groups was 1.68 mmol/g, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 501 cm2/g, and the total pore volume was 0.284 cm3/g. The average pore diameter was 1.94 nm under an activation temperature of 550 °C, an activation time of 1 h, and an impregnation ratio of 2. As a result of this study, nitrogenous functional groups that contained acid-base amphoteric adsorbent were produced.

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“…Besides, the cost should also be considered since it is one of the more important contribution to the SC price. Among the chemical activating agents commonly used to prepare biomass-based carbon materials, H3PO4 favors aromatization and condensation reactions and can lead to micro-mesoporous carbon materials [18,[32][33][34][35]. Additionally, a positive aspect of this activation method is its lower polluting effect compared to other chemical activating agents; moreover, H3PO4 can be reused after recovering it during the washing step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass waste conversion into low-cost carbon-based materials for supercapacitors: A sustainable approach for the energy scenario

Chaparro-Garnica

Salinas-Torres

Mostazo‐López

et al. 2021

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Biomass upgrading is a promising approach to face the current energy consumption and chemicals production. Lignocellulosic biomass residues have taken the lead in this field. In this study, hemp residue-based activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by H3PO4-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using a low concentration of H3PO4 (25 wt. %). ACs with a high porosity development were obtained (SBET>1200 m 2 g-1), and they were subsequently functionalized with nitrogen groups using mild conditions. As-synthesized ACs were also heat-treated to enhance the electrical conductivity, improving the electrochemical performance. As a proof of concept, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) based on as-prepared ACs in aqueous and organic electrolytes, showing energy densities comparable to those of a capacitor based on an AC used in commercial capacitors. The most attractive outcome of this study is the straightforward, cost-effective, and sustainable methodology to prepare high added-value functional ACs with great potential for energy and environmental applications.

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Effect of one-step and two-step H3PO4 activation on activated carbon characteristics

Cited by 85 publications

References 32 publications

Acid – treated activated carbon for phenolic compound removal in acid pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production

Acid – treated activated carbon for phenolic compound removal in acid pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production

Preparation and characterization of bio-based activated carbon from fish scales

Biomass waste conversion into low-cost carbon-based materials for supercapacitors: A sustainable approach for the energy scenario

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