Effect of on-site sanitation on groundwater contamination in basaltic environment ’A case study from India

Pujari, Paras R.; Nanoti, Madan V.; Nitnaware, Vaishali C.; Khare, Leena A.; Thacker, Neeta; Kelkar, P. S.

doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9616-3

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Also, direct access of livestock to canal water in rural areas is an important source of potential pathogens in water. According to Pujari et al (2007), the on-site sanitation that is increasingly adopted in India is possibly responsible for high levels of nitrates and bacterial contamination in drinking water sources. In rural areas, people prefer to eliminate night soils in open places especially in agriculture fields.…”

Section: Fig 2 Occurrences Of Bacterial Species In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India

Suthar

Chhimpa²,

Singh³

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial contaminations in drinking water samples collected form some rural habitations of northern Rajasthan, India. A total of ten bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella sp, Proteus vulgaris, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis and Micrococcus luteum were identified form drinking water samples. The bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae (coliforms) showed the maximum occurrences in water samples. The total coliforms count, i.e. TTC(m) (m = MPN index/100 ml) in drinking water samples was in the ranges of 25 TTC(m) (village Naiwala)-41 TTC(m) (village Meharwala). The data suggested that the drinking water quality deterioration in rural habitations of this region was due to poor sanitation and unawareness about personal hygienic practices. The occurrences some pathogenic bacteria in drinking water may increase the risks of water-related diseases and health problems in local residents.

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Section: Fig 2 Occurrences Of Bacterial Species In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India

Suthar

Chhimpa²,

Singh³

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Among the anthropogenic factors, the impact of on-site sanitation on groundwater quality has been a subject of much concern. The contamination of groundwater due to on-site sanitation systems has been reported by different authors since the 1980s (Lu et al 2008;Pujari et al 2007;Dzwairo et al 2006;NEERI report 2005;Nsubuga et al 2004;Lawrence et al 2001;Chidavaenzi et al 2000;Mallard et al 1994;Andrews 1988;Canter and Knox 1985;Hagedon 1984;Dewalle and Schaff 1980;Lewis et al 1980;Brown et al 1979). It is reported that 25% of all housing units in the USA have on-site sanitation systems (Bunnels et al 1999) and they are reported to be source of local and regional groundwater contamination in USA and elsewhere (Bunnels et al 1999;Clawges and Vowinkel 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment of the impact of on-site sanitation systems on groundwater pollution in two diverse geological settings—a case study from India

Pujari

Padmakar

Labhasetwar

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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On-site sanitation has emerged as a preferred mode of sanitation in cities experiencing rapid urbanization due to the high cost involved in off-site sanitation which requires conventional sewerages. However, this practice has put severe stress on groundwater especially its quality. Under the above backdrop, a study has been undertaken to investigate the impact of on-site sanitation on quality of groundwater sources in two mega cities namely Indore and Kolkata which are situated in two different geological settings. The parameters for the studies are distance of groundwater source from place of sanitation, effect of summer and monsoon seasons, local hydro-geological conditions, and physico-chemical parameters. NO(3) and fecal coliform concentrations are considered as main indexes of pollution in water. Out of many conclusions which can be made from this studies, one major conclusion is about the influence of on-site sanitation on groundwater quality is minimal in Kolkata, whereas it is significant in Indore. This difference is due to the difference in hydrogeological parameters of these two cities, Kolkata being on alluvium quaternary and Indore being on Deccan trap of Cretaceous to Paleogene age.

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“…The existence of elements with higher poisoning levels in groundwater is related to the disposal of industrial wastewater containing nitrogen (N) [3][4][5]. Groundwater pollution by sewage has been reported by many researchers [6][7][8][9][10]. Such contamination has led to serious problems in areas where groundwater is the main source of drinking water consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Assessment of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Ardabil Aquifer, Iran

Rezaverdinejad¹,

Rahimi²

2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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One of the most important resources for drinking water is groundwater. Recently, the quality of groundwater has been endangered due to several reasons, including human activities, vast agricultural activities, and the discharge of industrial wastewater containing nitrogen (N) and heavy metals. For this study we investigated the values of NO 3 , NO 2 , and some heavy metals and analyzed the groundwater of the Ardabil Aquifer area in wet and dry seasons. For this purpose we evaluated 76 wells in the study area. In order to analyze the results we used World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI) standards. The results indicated that, according to WHO and ISIRI, 10.5% of wells and, according to the EPA, 69.7% of wells have NO 3 above the standard level in the wet season, but in the dry season, according to WHO and ISIRI,29% and, according to the EPA, 80.6% of the wells have NO 3 above the permissible level. However, according to all standards, NO 2 values are less than the permissible level for drinking consumption. In terms of evaluation criteria of the simultaneous presence of NO 3 and NO 2 in drinking water (K), 29% of wells in the dry season and 13.15% of wells in the wet season have NO 3 and NO 2 problems. In order to find an appropriate interpolation method and zoning parameter of NO 3 and NO 2 , different interpolation methods were evaluated and Kriging method with the lowest error was chosen for zoning the parameters. According to zoning maps, in the wet season the Namin and south Ardabil areas, which have the most drinking water wells, contain values of NO 3 above the permissible levels, whereas the values of NO 3 are at the mediocre level in the dry season. In addition to NO 3 and NO 2 analysis, the evaluation of heavy metals pollution indices in the aquifer include: heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), and contamination degree (C d ). Generally, according to the EPA, in terms of NO 3 and NO 2 pollution, Ardabil aquifer is in an undesirable condition, and according to WHO and ISIRI standards, this area has a mediocre level of undesirable condition. According to HPI and C d indices, most parts are in a high class of heavy metal pollution, as well.

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Effect of on-site sanitation on groundwater contamination in basaltic environment ’A case study from India

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India

Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India

Assessment of the impact of on-site sanitation systems on groundwater pollution in two diverse geological settings—a case study from India

Seasonal Assessment of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Ardabil Aquifer, Iran

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