Effect of nutritional state and dispersal on the reproductive efficiency in Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) susceptible and resistant to deltamethrin

Resistance to deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans: microgeographical distribution, validation of a rapid detection bioassay and evaluation of a fumigant canister as control alternative strategy

“…While most pleiotropic effects of resistance reported in several species were interpreted as adaptive costs for the natural environment (i.e. adaptive resistance costs) (Rivero et al ., 2011; Kliot and Ghanim, 2012), including in resistant T. infestans (Germano and Picollo, 2015; Lobbia et al ., 2018, 2019 a , 2019 b ), pleiotropic effects with positive adaptive consequences were described for Tribolium castaneum and Musca domestica (Arnaud et al ., 2005; McCart et al ., 2005). In triatomines, Lobbia et al .…”

“…So, the studies approached the resistance mechanisms, cross-resistance patterns, heritance and heritability, expression during ontogeny, pleiotropic effects (e.g. adaptive costs), macro and micro-geographical distribution and environmental influence (González-Audino et al ., 2004; Santo Orihuela et al ., 2008; Germano et al ., 2010 a ; Roca-Acevedo et al ., 2013; Gomez et al ., 2015; Germano and Picollo, 2015, 2018; Bustamante-Gomez et al ., 2016; Sierra et al ., 2016; Lobbia et al ., 2018, 2019 a ; Fronza et al ., 2019).…”

“…While most pleiotropic effects of resistance reported in several species were interpreted as adaptive costs for the natural environment (i.e. adaptive resistance costs) (Rivero et al, 2011;Kliot and Ghanim, 2012), including in resistant T. infestans (Germano and Picollo, 2015;Lobbia et al, 2018Lobbia et al, , 2019aLobbia et al, , 2019b, pleiotropic effects with positive adaptive consequences were described for Tribolium castaneum and Musca domestica (Arnaud et al, 2005;McCart et al, 2005). In triatomines, Lobbia et al (2019b) studied the reproductive efficiency after dispersal in susceptible and resistant T. infestans and showed that the dispersed resistant females had a higher reproductive efficiency than the dispersed susceptible females and the non-dispersed resistant females.…”

“…Specific studies are needed to consistently determine the role of these variables in the evolution of insecticide resistance in T. infestans. Finally, the geographical structure of susceptibility and resistance to pyrethroids in T. infestans does not exclude the possibility of dispersal processes that could spread resistance to nearby areas in which there were only susceptible insects (Lobbia et al, 2019a(Lobbia et al, , 2019b, which probably explains the local extension and toxicological homogeneity of some foci (e.g. Acambuco and Pampa Argentina villages).…”

Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Medically Important Parasitic Infections

“…The WHO bioassays have been conducted in many species of Triatominae against DDT resistance [94], where behavioral responses were observed in T. infestans strains to deltamethrin, on the basis of which the insect populations were differentiated into susceptible and resistant [95]. The other behavioral and environmental factors such as dispersal or migration of the vector populations leading to the changes in feeding behavior, nutritional status and reproductive behavior also contribute to the alterations in the response to insecticides [96]. Therefore, observation of such changes can be utilized in detection of insecticide resistance in vector populations.…”