Effect of Nutritional Factors on Cold Hardiness of Plants

Pellett, Harold; Carter, John V.

doi:10.1002/9781118060766.ch4

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, it is worth noting that cucumber transplant failure could happen when soil temperatures were between 14 and 16°C (Den Nijs, 1980). Factors such as light conditions, plant water, nutritional status, and cultivars determine the chance of plant survival at the threshold temperature conditions (Pellett and Carter, 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstock Evaluation for Grafted Cucumbers Grown in High Tunnels: Yield and Plant Growth

Guan¹,

Haseman²,

Nowaskie³

2020

horts

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Grafting technology is increasingly being accepted in the United States, particularly for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production under protected structures. There is a great potential to expand this technology to other high tunnel crops. Using grafting technology in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production is widely adopted in Asia to enhance cucumbers’ tolerance to low temperatures. But this technique is rarely used in the United States mainly because of the lack of information on the performance of the grafted plants under local production systems. Figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia), Cucurbita moschata, and squash interspecific hybrid (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) are the most used cucumber rootstocks worldwide. But their comparative performance was largely unknown for cucumber production in high tunnels in the Midwest United States. This study was therefore designed to compare the major types of cucumber rootstocks with the goal of identifying a rootstock with the maximized benefits for high tunnel cucumber production in the area. Nongrafted ‘Socrates’ and ‘Socrates’ grafted with Cucurbita moschata, squash interspecific hybrid, and figleaf gourd rootstocks were evaluated in high tunnels from March to June or July in 2016–19 at the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center in Vincennes, IN. Transplant establishment, vine growth, and yield in early- and main-crop seasons were investigated. Grafted plants regardless of rootstocks ensured transplant survival even when the soil temperatures were dropped below 10 °C. Suboptimal soil conditions were encountered in the first month after transplanting. Grafted cucumbers with squash interspecific hybrid rootstock significantly increased vine growth from March to April and increased early-season yields (yield before 15 May) by 1.8 to 18.2 times compared with the early-season yields of the nongrafted cucumbers. The benefits provided by using grafting technology dismissed around middle May. Only squash interspecific hybrid rootstock improved cucumber yields in the entire production seasons. Cucumbers grafted with figleaf gourd rootstock had the lowest yield and the least plant growth after mid-May, indicating figleaf gourd rootstock may not be suitable for cucumber production under the current production system. Overall, squash interspecific hybrid was the most promising rootstock for early-season high tunnel cucumber production in the Midwest United States.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstock Evaluation for Grafted Cucumbers Grown in High Tunnels: Yield and Plant Growth

Guan¹,

Haseman²,

Nowaskie³

2020

horts

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“…Additionally, increasing N rate decreased midwinter cold tolerance of stems of UF and CRF trees and late winter cold tolerance of stems of UF trees. A review by Pellett and Carter (1981) on the relationship between nutrients and cold-hardiness concluded that plants fertilized at levels that promote optimum growth will generally cold-acclimate at a similar rate and to the same degree as plants grown under a lower fertility regime and in some instances their level of cold-hardiness development may exceed that of plants grown under severe nutrient deficiencies. Additionally, supraoptimum fertility levels can retard cold acclimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have addressed how timing of N application can influence cold-hardiness development, but there is little mention of how application method (Guak and Fuchigami, 2002) or fertilizer type influences cold-hardiness or relationships between plant N status and deacclimation. Increasing rate of N application can decrease cold tolerance in the fall or accelerate cold deacclimation in the spring (Calmé and Margolis, 1993;Fløistad and Kohmann, 2004;Hellergren, 1981;Pellett and Carter, 1981). Initial shoot growth in the spring is dependent on nutrient reserves accumulated during the previous year (Bi et al, 2005); however, if too much fertilizer is applied late in summer, then growth may be prolonged and cold damage incurred (Bigras et al, 1996) fertilizer used to grow green ash trees can alter how trees store reserves in the fall and remobilize them in the spring (Scagel et al, 2010); therefore, it is possible fertilizer type could influence cold-hardiness development in the fall and winter and deacclimation in the spring.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cold Tolerance of Container-grown Green Ash Trees Is Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilizer Type and Rate

Regan

Hummel

2010

hortte

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A study was conducted to determine whether nitrogen (N) application rate and fertilizer form are related to cold tolerance of buds and stems using container-grown ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) trees. Trees were grown with different rates of N from either urea formaldehyde (UF) or a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) containing ammonium nitrate during the 2006 growing season; and growth, N and carbon (C) composition, and cold tolerance were evaluated in Oct. 2006, Dec. 2006, and Feb. 2007 by assessing the lowest survival temperature (LST) of stem and bud tissues on current season (2006) stems. Both fertilizer type and rate influenced the bud and stem LSTs. The influence of fertilizer rate was most evident on midwinter (December) stem LSTs and the influence of fertilizer type was observed in bud and stem LSTs during the deacclimation period in February. Higher LSTs were associated with higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios; however, stems and buds of trees fertilized with UF were more cold-tolerant (had lower LSTs) than stems and buds on trees fertilized with CRF. Fertilizer type resulted in several differences in N and C translocation and metabolism during the fall and winter. Our results indicate trees with a similar N status are able to withstand different levels of cold depending on the rate of N and the type or form of fertilizer used during production. This may have to do with differences in how trees metabolize the different fertilizer forms, where and when the N is stored, and how it is remobilized in the spring, especially in relation to C metabolism.

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“…Nitrogen has been associated with frost tolerance in many crops, although the study results are controversial. Depending on the species and/or the reference, increasing plant N may increase, decrease, or have no influence on cold tolerance (Pellett and Carter, 1981). In a study developed to determine the influence of N status on the frost tolerance of olive trees under field conditions, Fernández-Escobar et al (2011) found that, in October, before the onset of dormancy, excess N resulted in increased frost tolerance.…”

Section: Relationships With Biotic and Abiotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Nutritional Status and Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Fernández-Escobar

2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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The role of nutrients in plant growth is generally explained in terms of their functions in plant metabolism. Nevertheless, there is evidence that plant tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses could be affected by the nutritional status. Although not well studied, an adequate nutritional status for optimal plant growth is thought to also be optimal for plant tolerance to stress. Considering the current global trend toward sustainability, studies that clarify the relationships between nutrition and stress are of great interest. For example, potassium plays an important role in the regulation of water status in the olive, improving drought tolerance, while calcium is involved in sodium exclusion mechanism, which can increase tolerance to salinity. Nitrogen excess, in contrast, increases susceptibility to spring frost and olive leaf spot. Silicon is not an essential element for plant growth, but it is considered a beneficial element; among its roles in the control of pests and diseases is the formation of a physical barrier that occurs through silicon deposition in the epidermal cells of the leaves. The presence of soluble silicon also facilitates the deposition of phenolic and other compounds at sites of infection, which is a general defense mechanism to pathogen attack. In olive, silicon application, either by foliar sprays or through irrigation water, reduces the incidence of olive leaf spot. This review summarizes the current status of olive nutrition, the relationships with biotic and abiotic stresses, and the effects of silicon.

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Effect of Nutritional Factors on Cold Hardiness of Plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Rootstock Evaluation for Grafted Cucumbers Grown in High Tunnels: Yield and Plant Growth

Rootstock Evaluation for Grafted Cucumbers Grown in High Tunnels: Yield and Plant Growth

Cold Tolerance of Container-grown Green Ash Trees Is Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilizer Type and Rate

Olive Nutritional Status and Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

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