Effect of nutrition on endocrine parameters, ovarian physiology, and oocyte and embryo development

Boland, M.P.; Lonergan, Patrick; O'Callaghan, D.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00485-x

Cited by 215 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Britt (1992) hypothesized that these features of the NEB can directly affect the follicle and its enclosed oocyte, leading to the ovulation of an inferior oocyte. This hypothesis is interesting because it is generally accepted that oocytes are highly vulnerable to any disruption in their environment (O'Callaghan and Boland, 1999), a point of view that has been more or less confirmed by others (Armstrong et al, 2001;Boland et al, 2001). The data of Leroy et al (2004b) provided evidence to, at least partially, answer the question raised by Britt (1994): 'How does NEB directly influence the micro-environment that is most intimately linked with the oocyte?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

Leroy

Soom

Opsomer

et al. 2008

Animal

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Unsatisfactory reproductive performance in dairy cows, such as reduced conception rates, in addition to an increased incidence of early embryonic mortality, is reported worldwide and has been associated with a period of negative energy balance (NEB) early post partum. Typically, NEB is associated with biochemical changes such as high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), high b-hydroxybutyrate (b-OHB) and low glucose concentrations. The concentrations of these and other metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) of high-yielding dairy cows during NEB were determined and extensively analyzed, and then were replicated in in vitro maturation models to investigate their effect on oocyte quality. The results showed that typical metabolic changes during NEB are well reflected in the FF of the dominant follicle. However, the oocyte seems to be relatively isolated from extremely elevated NEFA or very low glucose concentrations in the blood. Nevertheless, the in vitro maturation models revealed that NEB-associated high NEFA and low glucose levels in the FF are indeed toxic to the oocyte, resulting in deficient oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Induced apoptosis and necrosis in the cumulus cells was particularly obvious. Furthermore, maturation in saturated free fatty acid-rich media had a carry-over effect on embryo quality, leading to reduced cryotolerance of day 7 embryos. Only b-OHB showed an additive toxic effect in moderately hypoglycemic maturation conditions. These in vitro maturation models, based on in vivo observations, suggest that a period of NEB may hamper the fertility of high-yielding dairy cows through increased NEFA and decreased glucose concentrations in the FF directly affecting oocyte quality. In addition to oocyte quality, these results also demonstrate that embryo quality is reduced following an NEB episode. This important observation may be linked to the typical diet provided to stimulate milk yield, or to physiological adaptations sustaining the high milk production. Research into this phenomenon is ongoing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

Leroy

Soom

Opsomer

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Several articles have been published on the effect of nutrition on superovulation in pigs (Kojima et al, 1997) and cows (Boland et al, 2001;Fouladi-Nashta et al, 2007;Cerri et al, 2009). However, only a few studies, which have reported contradictory results, were focused on the evaluation of oocyte quality in relation to diet composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nutrition affects the composition of follicular fluid and transcript content in gilt oocytes

Warzych¹,

Cieślak²,

Pawlak³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

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Metabolomics focused on reproduction have been the subject of special interest in the past decade. Metabolite profiling provides detailed information on the status of follicular fluid and follicular cells which accompany the growing oocyte. Although nutrients present in the diet reach oocytes via the follicular fluid, it is not evident whether oocyte/embryo quality can be predicted based on the follicular fluid composition. Since this phenomenon has not yet been investigated in the pig, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations between diet composition and (1) selected markers related to developmental potential of oocytes (brilliant cresyl blue -BCB test, relative transcript abundance of EEF1A1 and ATP5A1 marker genes) and (2) fatty acid profile in the follicular fluid. Gilts were fed control and experimental diets which differed in composition and fatty acid profiles. The experimental diet used in this study comprised mainly locally grown grains (barley and rye) traditionally used for fattening pigs in Poland. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from individual pairs of ovaries after animal slaughter, evaluated morphologically and subjected to the BCB test. Relative transcript abundance for the two marker genes was monitored by real-time PCR in oocytes of both categories (BCB + and BCB -). Fatty acid profile in follicular fluid was analyzed by gas chromatography. We show that the experimental diet rich in n-3 fatty acid significantly influences fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid. The fatty acid profile of the follicular fluid of gilts fed the experimental diet differed from that of the control females. The content of saturated fatty acids was higher in the experimental group, whereas unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the control group (P < 0.05). With regard to individual fatty acids, only C16:0 (palmitic acid), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) and C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid) differed significantly. The abundance of ATP5A1 mRNA was influenced neither by diet composition nor by oocyte category (BCB + /BCB -) whereas that of the EEF1A1 was affected by both factors. Since higher mRNA level of the EEF1A1 gene was noted in BCB + oocytes this may be considered as a marker of oocyte quality in the pig. Maternal nutrition is one of the main factors affecting developmental competence of mammalian oocytes and embryos. Diet composition may alter the maternal environment of the oocyte and embryo growth through metabolic and endocrine modifications. Zak et al. (1997) showed that feed intake influenced the meiotic competence of porcine oocytes. They claimed that maternal under-nutrition may reduce the follicle's ability to support maturation of oocytes and thus their quality. Follicular fluid (FF) as an endogenous medium participates in transmitting nutrition signals to the

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“…While glucose is the main energy source of the ovary (Rabiee et al, 1997) and of the post-blastulation bovine embryo (see review, Boland et al, 2001), there was no effect of dietary lipid on systemic glucose. The literature on the effects of fat supplementation on systemic glucose is inconsistent and this may be a consequence of variable dietary effects on DMI and milk production, neither of which were factors in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary enrichment with either n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on systemic metabolite and hormone concentration and ovarian function in heifers

Childs

Lynch

Hennessy

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acid (FA) supplementation on blood FA, metabolite and hormone concentrations, follicle size and dynamics and corpus luteum (CL) size. Reproductively normal heifers (n 5 24) were individually fed diets of chopped straw and concentrate containing either (i) no added lipid (CON; n 5 8); (ii) 2% added fat as whole raw soya beans (WSB, n-6; n 5 8); or (iii) 2% added fat as fish oil (FO, n-3; n 5 8). Following oestrous cycle synchronisation, blood samples were collected at appropriate times and intervals for the measurement of hormones, FAs and metabolites. On days 15 and 16 of the cycle, animals were subjected to an intravenous oxytocin challenge and prostaglandin F 2a (PGF 2a ) response, measured as venous concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF 2a (PGFM). Dry matter intake and average daily gain were similar among treatments ( P . 0.05). Plasma concentration of linoleic acid was highest on WSB ( P , 0.05), while eicosapentaenoic (EPA, n-3; P , 0.0001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n-3; P , 0.0001) were greatest in the FO group. Plasma concentrations of arachidonic acid were higher on FO ( P , 0.05) compared with CON and WSB. Plasma triglyceride concentrations increased, while b-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) decreased with time on all diets (P , 0.05). There was a diet 3 time interaction ( P , 0.01) for non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Plasma cholesterol was higher on WSB and FO ( P , 0.01) compared with CON. Progesterone (P 4 ) and oestradiol (E 2 ) concentrations, as well as follicle growth rate and CL diameter were similar across diets ( P . 0.05). There was a diet 3 day interaction for PGFM ( P , 0.01). When corrected for systemic E 2 : P 4 ratio, day 15 concentrations of PGFM were higher in the WSB group at 15 and 30 min ( P , 0.01) post oxytocin administration compared with CON and FO, which were similar ( P . 0.05). Concentrations of PGFM on day 16 were similar for WSB and FO and were greater than CON at 15 ( P , 0.01) and 45 min ( P , 0.05) post oxytocin administration, and at 30 min for FO ( P , 0.05). With the exception of PGFM, dietary lipid source did not affect the reproductive variables measured.

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Effect of nutrition on endocrine parameters, ovarian physiology, and oocyte and embryo development

Cited by 215 publications

References 79 publications

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality

Maternal nutrition affects the composition of follicular fluid and transcript content in gilt oocytes

Effect of dietary enrichment with either n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on systemic metabolite and hormone concentration and ovarian function in heifers

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