Effect of number of cross-linkable sites on proton conducting, pore-filling membranes

Kang, Hyeon gu; Lee, Mi Soon; Sim, Woo Jong; Yang, Tae Hyun; Shin, Kyung Shik; Shul, Yong Gun; Choi, Young Woo

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2014.02.037

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The chemical stability of the PCEM was verified under fuel cell operation with a harsher condition than RED operation. In addition, as previously reported, the PIEM had a high tensile strength of over 100 MPa originated from the high tensile strength of porous polyethylene [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

et al. 2021

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The reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack-harnessing salinity gradient power mainly consists of ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Among the various types of IEMs used in RED stacks, pore-filling ion exchange membranes (PIEMs) have been considered promising IEMs to improve the power density of RED stacks. The compositions of PIEMs affect the electrical resistance and permselectivity of PIEMs; however, their effect on the performance of large RED stacks have not yet been considered. In this study, PIEMs of various compositions with respect to the RED stack were adopted to evaluate the performance of the RED stack according to stack size (electrode area: 5 × 5 cm2 vs. 15 × 15 cm2). By increasing the stack size, the gross power per membrane area decreased despite the increase in gross power on a single RED stack. The electrical resistance of the PIEMs was the most important factor for enhancing the power production of the RED stack. Moreover, power production was less sensitive to permselectivities over 90%. By increasing the RED stack size, the contributions of non-ohmic resistances were significantly increased. Thus, we determined that reducing the salinity gradients across PIEMs by ion transport increased the non-ohmic resistance of large RED stacks. These results will aid in designing pilot-scale RED stacks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

et al. 2021

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“…Ampho C520 Ampho C515 Ampho , and M3 prepared in previous study are renamed as CEM-1, CEM-2, and CEM-3, respectively, and the data for CEM-1, CEM-2, and CEM-3 from previous study [14]. b P denotes the permeability of vanadium ions (see the electronic supplementary information for details)…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study, we prepared highly cross-linked, pore-filled CEMs with the pore-filling technique [14]. While CEMs exhibit high conductivity and high energy efficiency, it is difficult to prevent the permeation of vanadium ions through them [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel amphoteric ion-exchange membrane prepared by the pore-filling technique for vanadium redox flow batteries

et al. 2016

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A novel amphoteric ion-exchange membrane (AIEM) was prepared through the pore-filling technique, for vanadium redox flow battery (VRBs) applications. Their physico-chemical properties including vanadium ion permeability and electrochemical properties were investigated as a function of cross-linking degrees. Vanadium ion permeability was effectively suppressed by the quaternary ammonium group-induced Donnan exclusion effect and was only 7.7% of that of Nafion117. Finally, open circuit voltage measurements showed that VRBs assembled with the AIEM maintained voltages >1.3 V for over 43 h, which was superior to the cation exchange membranes (CEMs), studied. In addition, the VRBs with AIEM-4 exhibited higher columbic efficiency (ca. 98%) and energy efficiency (ca. 89%) than those with CEMs. Therefore, it may be concluded that pore-filled AIEMs are more suitable for use in VRBs than pore-filled CEMs. This work provides a convenient method for preparing new types of IEMs for various applications.

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“…Recently, pore-filling IEMs have been simply fabricated via the photopolymerization of photocurable solutions consisting of monomeric electrolytes including polymerizable and ionic functional groups, cross-linking agents including two or more polymerizable functional groups, photoinitiators, and porous substrates. − However, this approach is hindered by several obstacles for the production of pore-filling IEMs, such as the simultaneous dissolution of monomers with hydrophilicity and cross-linking agents with hydrophobicity in water and the fabrication of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions with a large amount of monomeric electrolytes for their efficient impregnation inside the pores of porous substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the first issue, several researchers have used organic solvents. ,,, However, the use of organic solvents is environmentally undesirable and requires toxicity risk management. To avoid using organic solvents, the use of water-soluble cross-linking agents with ionic functional groups − or cross-linking agents with increased solubility in water when mixed with monomeric electrolytes ,, has been suggested by several researchers. Because low-concentration electrolyte solutions require a repetitive impregnation process for fabricating defect-free pore-filling IEMs, they are not desirable for producing pore-filling IEMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R2R Fabrication of Pore-Filling Cation-Exchange Membranes via One-Time Impregnation and Their Application in Reverse Electrodialysis

Yang

Choi

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Pore-filling ion-exchange membranes have been produced via complex, low energy efficient, and toxic processes, including repetitive impregnation to fully fill the porous substrates with polymer electrolytes, and using polar organic solvents and acids/bases for optional postmodifications. In the present work, we analyzed the characteristics of a pore-filling cationexchange membrane (PCEM) fully filled with a photocured electrolyte polymer in the pores of the substrate via repetitive impregnation. On the basis of these characteristics and in order to fabricate a PCEM via one-step impregnation, an aqueous photocurable solution with a high concentration of anionic monomeric electrolytes was developed via the simultaneous use of two types of anionic monomeric electrolytes. A fully filled PCEM with a width of 62 cm and a thickness of 16 μm was successfully fabricated using this aqueous photocurable solution via single impregnation in a roll-to-roll (R2R) process at a process speed of 1 m/min. The characteristics of this PCEM were almost the same as those of a handmade PCEM. In addition, the power density of a reverse electrodialysis stack consisting of the fabricated PCEMs with low resistance was higher than that of a stack consisting of commercial membranes. Based on these results, we confirmed that PCEM can be prepared at an industrial scale via a simple, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly R2R process using an aqueous photocurable solution with a high concentration of anionic monomeric electrolytes.

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Effect of number of cross-linkable sites on proton conducting, pore-filling membranes

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

A novel amphoteric ion-exchange membrane prepared by the pore-filling technique for vanadium redox flow batteries

R2R Fabrication of Pore-Filling Cation-Exchange Membranes via One-Time Impregnation and Their Application in Reverse Electrodialysis

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