Effect of nonrewarded and partially rewarded placements on resistance to extinction in the rat.

Capaldi, Elizabeth D.

doi:10.1037/h0031410

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, the present data indicate, in agreement with Capaldi (1971), that sequence of reinforcement-nonreinforcement events on placements is an important determinant of extinction performance in certain instrumental learning situations. This contention also receives support from collateral studies that have shown that schedule of placements is an important determinant of performance during acquisition (Homzie, Gohmann, & Hall, 1971;Homzie & Rudy, 1971;Seybert et aI., 1976;Seybert, Mays, Littlejohn, Mellgren, & Haddad, in press).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…These data are analogous to those collected in similar running trial experiments (cf. Capaldi, 1967) and provide further support for the hypothesis (Capaldi, 1971) that Rn is determined by placement sequence in much the same way as it is by sequence of reward on running trials.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…This fmding is analogous to those from similar running trial procedures (cf. Capaldi, 1967) and provides support for the hypothesis (Capaldi, 1971) that Rn is determined by placement sequence just as it is by sequence of reward on running trials. Experiment 2 attempted to provide further support for this hypothesis by examining the effects of differential placement N-Iength following more extended training.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Resistance to extinction as a function of sequence of intertrial nonreinforcement and level of acquisition

Gerard

Seybert

Baer

1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Two experiments investigated the effects of differential level of acquisition training on resistance to extinction generated by intertrial nonreinforcement (lTN). In Experiment 1, four groups received 18 acquisition trials: One group received a nonreinforced placement after 50% of the six daily reinforced trials (placement N-Iength of 1, Group ITN-1), a second group received three consecutive nonreinforced placements after one of the six daily reinforced trials (placement N-Iengths of 3, Group ITN-3), a third group received a 50% partial reinforcement schedule (Group PRF), and a fourth group received continuous reinforcement (Group CRF). In Experiment 2, the ITN-1, ITN-3, and PRF conditions were again used in an identical procedure except that 48 acquisition trials were given. Following limited acquisition, Group ITN-3 was less resistant to extinction than Group ITN-1, while the reverse was true following extended training. These results suggest that sequence of placements, rather than simply their presence or absence, is an important factor in determining resistance to extinction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Resistance to extinction as a function of sequence of intertrial nonreinforcement and level of acquisition

Gerard

Seybert

Baer

1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…In an attempt to account for the discrepant results obtained in Group S D -I, the following analysis of delay of reinforcement was entertained. Capaldi (1971) has shown recently that resistance to extinction of a continuously reinforced running response is enhanced when subjects are given partially reinforced goalbox placements such that non-reinforced placements are followed by reinforced placements. In effect this procedure allows subjects to receive transitions from non-reward to reward contingent upon making short approach responses in the goalbox.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial delay extinction effects within-subjects based on sequential manipulations.

Dyck¹,

Mellgren²

1973

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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Three groups of rats received partial delay of reward in one runway and immediate reward in a discriminably different runway followed by extinction to both runways. The group (S D -D) that received transitions from delay to immediate reward in the partial-delay alley showed greater resistance to extinction in the partial-delay alley than in die immediate alley. Groups that received transitions from delay to immediate reward in the immediate alley (S D -I), and in both partial-delay and immediate alleys (S D -ID) showed no differential within-subject extinction performance. A betweengroup partial delay extinction effect was found in that all subjects experiencing delay showed greater resistance to extinction than a control group receiving only immediate reward. These data were interpreted within the framework of E.J. Capaldi's Sequential Theory. However, an extension of sequential theory was needed to account for the non-differential extinction performance to Group S D -I. (Mellgren & Dyck, 1972; Dyck, Mellgren & Seybert, 1973) have demonstrated differential extinction performance within-subjects based upon manipulations derived from Capaldi's sequential hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect (Capaldi, 1967a). In these studies it was assumed that the stimulus trace of non-reward (S N ) becomes conditioned to the instrumental response (R r ) on the rewarded trial following non-reward. According to this analysis, enhanced extinction performance should be observed in a within-subjects experiment as a function of the locus of the S N -Ri association. The alley where reinforcement follows non-reinforcement (i.e. the "Rr-alley" of the S N -Rx association) should be most resistant to extinction, as was demonstrated (Mellgren & Dyck, 1972; Dyck el al., 1973). SEVERAL RECENT INVESTIGATIONSThis experiment was an attempt to determine whether or not die above analysis would extend to a within-subject partial delay procedure. Evidence from between-groups experiments (Capaldi, 19676; Capaldi & Spivey, 1965) indicates that the partial delay extinction effect is modulated by sequential variables such as transitions from delayed trials to immediately rewarded trials (D-I transitions), and number of successively delayed trials preceding an immediately rewarded trial (D-length) in much the manner as the partial reinforcement effect is regulated by

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Reward Training: Extinction

Rashotte

1979

Animal Learning

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Effect of nonrewarded and partially rewarded placements on resistance to extinction in the rat.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Resistance to extinction as a function of sequence of intertrial nonreinforcement and level of acquisition

Resistance to extinction as a function of sequence of intertrial nonreinforcement and level of acquisition

Partial delay extinction effects within-subjects based on sequential manipulations.

Reward Training: Extinction

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