Effect of Nonisoprene Degradation and Naturally Occurring Network during Maturation on the Properties of Natural Rubber

Abstract

It well-known that the superior performance of natural rubber (NR) compared to its synthetic counterpart mainly derives from nonisoprene components and naturally occurring network, which varies during the progress of the maturation and thereby results in technically graded rubber with different properties. However, identifying the roles of these two factors in the forming of excellent performance of NR is still a challenge as they change simultaneously during the maturation process. Here, influences of naturally occurring networking and nonisoprene degradation on the components, structures and properties of NR were systematically investigated by tailored treatments of maturation. It was found that the maturation-induced formation of natural network structure contributes to the increase in initial plastic value, Mooney viscosity and gel content for un-crosslinked NR, while the decomposition of nonisoprene components plays a dominant role in improving the mechanical properties of vulcanized NR. Stress-strain curve and Mooney-Rivlin analysis demonstrate that the biodegradation of the nonisoprene components significantly boost the vulcanization process, which significantly increases the number of chemical cross-link networks and effective cross-link density of the material, greatly improving the mechanical properties of NR vulcanizates. This resulted in the tensile strength of TSR 10CV being able to reach 22.6 MPa, which is significantly improved compared to 15.8 MPa of TSR 3CV. Evidenced by tubular model fitting, the increase in chemical cross-linking points effectively reduces the movable radius of the molecular chain under dynamic loading, making the molecular chain more difficult to move, which suppresses the entropy change under dynamic loading and consequently endows NR excellent dynamic mechanical properties. This resulted in a significant decrease in the temperature rising of TSR 10CV to 3.3 °C, while the temperature rising of TSR 3CV was still as high as 14.5 °C. As a minor factor, the naturally occurring network improves the mechanical properties of vulcanizates in the form of sacrificial bonds.