Effect of Non‐Volatile Constituents of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. from Southern Vietnam on Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide Release in Macrophages

Abstract

The extract of Elsholtzia ciliata aerial parts was subjected to bio-guided isolation using the intercellular ROS reduction in J774A.1 macrophages to monitor the anti-oxidative activity. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the active fractions including eleven flavonoids (vitexin, pedalin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-5-Oβ-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (compound 13), 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone); three hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic acid, 4-(E)-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid, 4-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-L-threonic acid) and one fatty acid (α-linolenic acid). The biological evaluation of these compounds (10-2.5 μM) indicated that all of them exerted good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, in particular compound 13.

In Silico Insights on the Pro-Inflammatory Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Prospective Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Andrographis paniculata Phytocompounds

“…Other AP phytocompounds, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, and 19-O-acetyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages [ 15 ]. The latter is a new compound that is also worth investigating in in vitro studies, and the former, a flavone, has been observed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activity [ 42 ]. In addition, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is reported to be a safer analog of andrographolide for the potential treatment of asthma [ 43 ] and significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines expression in the H5N1 virus pathogenesis [ 44 ].…”

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

“…The results showed that osmundacetone significantly reduced the accumulation of ROS and could be used as a potential antioxidant [ 8 ]. By studying the effect of E. ciliata methanol extract on J774A.1 murine macrophage, the evaluation of antioxidant activity showed that all the tested compounds had significant effects on ROS release under oxidative stress at the highest concentration (10 M), especially luteolin-7- O - β -D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, and 5,6,4’-trihydroxy-7,3’-dimethoxyflavone [ 9 ].…”

“…Compounds pedalin, luteolin-7- O - β -D-glucopyranoside, 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, and α -linolenic acid in the essential oil of E. ciliata were investigated under a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory reaction. It can inhibit ROS release, but its mechanism deserves further study [ 9 ]. LPS-induced inflammation was evaluated by the number of inflammatory mediators, i.e., tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin (IL)-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).…”

Chemical composition of \(\textit{Elsholtzia ciliata}\) (Thunb.) Hyland essential oil in Vietnam with multiple biological utilities: a survey on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities

“…It is an annual plant that grows to a height of 40 cm to 60 cm, with hairy, green, square stems and ovate to ellipticlanceolate leaves. The species is known for its purple flowers that bloom from July to October and its wide use in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses (Nguyen et al, 2021). The essential oil's composition was disclosed by phytochemical studies (Pingzhao et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017;Pudziuvelyte et al, 2018) along with the existence of flavonoids (Nugroho et al, 2017;Pudziuvelyte et al, 2018), phenolic acids, steroids (Pudziuvelyte et al, 2018), and triterpenes (Liu et al, 2007), the most prevalent non-volatile component class being phenolics (Pudziuvelyte et al, 2018).…”