Effect of Non Ionic Surfactant Addition to Cellulase Performance in High-Substrate-Loading-Hydrolysis of Palm Oil EFB and Water-Hyacinth

Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysis with high substrate loading of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB) and water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were investigated as a prior part of ethanol production from lignocelluloses. Commercial surfactant Span 85 and Tween 20 were used as cellulase performance enhancer in hydrolysis process with substrate loading above 20% (w/w). Cellulase performances were compared based on hydrolysis conversion. Hydrolysis conversions of EFB using cellulase with concentration 10 and 15 FPU/g-substrate was 38.55% and 88.80% respectively. Addition 2% (v/v) of Tween 20 to EFB hydrolysis reaction with cellulase concentration 10 FPU/g-substrate gave the conversion 87.30%. This addition enhance the cellulase performance up to 226.5% or similar with the performance of cellulase 15 FPU/g substrate. Addition 2% (v/v) of Span 85 to the similar reaction only enhances cellulase performance to 174.7%. Hydrolysis conversion of boiling-pretreated water-hyacinth and autoclave-pretreated water-hyacinth using cellulase 15 FPU/g-substrate was 45.84% and 52.29% respectively. Addition 2% (v/v) of Tween 20 and Span 85 to boiling-pretreated water-hyacinth hydrolysis with cellulase concentration 15 FPU/g-substrate enhance cellulase performance of 128.9% and 153.5% respectively. Addition 1% (v/v) of Tween 20 and Span 85 to the similar reaction with cellulase concentration 10 FPU/g-substrate gave conversions 51.00% and 53.79% respectively, or similar with conversion of autoclave-pretreated water-hyacinth hydrolysis with 15 FPU/g-substrate.

Hot Compressed Water Pretreatment and Surfactant Effect on Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Agave Bagasse

“…Span 80 was evaluated as an alternative due to its lower HLB value. The surfactant concentrations evaluated in this stage were 0.02 and 0.1 g/g substrate since these are usual surfactant loads for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose [34,35].…”

“…The inefficiency of Span 80 can be attributed to its low HLB number, related to a low hydrophilic property, which probably indicates a lower capacity to stimulate the desorption of the enzyme from the binding site on the surface of the substrate after the hydrolysis was carried out on that site [1]. Bardant et al [35] studied the enzymatic hydrolysis of empty palm fruit bunches' pulp using Tween 20 and Span 85 and reached higher cellulose-conversion yields for Tween 20 than the ones obtained for Span 85; the authors attributed that behavior to the lowest HLB of Span 85. Moreover, Oliva-Taravilla et al [38] studied the effect of several biosurfactants on the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated spruce.…”

Investigating the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose film as a possible material for green packaging

“…As a result, it is easily accessible and inexpensive [13]. OPEFB includes 25% lignin, 23% hemicellulose, and 33% cellulose [14]. Although determining the biopolymers' permeability to fragrance and flavour components is important, little research has been done in this area [15].…”