Effect of noble gases on oxygen and glucose deprived injury in human tubular kidney cells

Abstract

The noble gas xenon has been shown to be protective in preconditioning settings against renal ischemic injury. The aims of this study were to determine the protective effects of the other noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, on human tubular kidney HK2 cells in vitro. Cultured human renal tubular cells (HK2) were exposed to noble gas preconditioning (75% noble gas; 20% O(2); 5% CO(2)) for three hours or mock preconditioning. Twenty-four hours after gas exposure, cell injury was provoked with oxygen-glucose deprived (OGD) culture medium for three hours. Cell viability was assessed 24 h post-OGD by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Other cohorts of cultured cells were incubated in the absence of OGD in 75% noble gas, 20% O(2) and 5% CO(2) and cellular signals phospho-Akt (p-Akt), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and Bcl-2 were assessed by Western blotting. OGD caused a reduction in cell viability to 0.382 +/- 0.1 from 1.0 +/- 0.15 at control (P < 0.01). Neon, argon and krypton showed no protection from injury (0.404 +/- 0.03; 0.428 +/- 0.02; 0.452 +/- 0.02; P > 0.05). Helium by comparison significantly enhanced cell injury (0.191 +/- 0.05; P < 0.01). Xenon alone exerted a protective effect (0.678 +/- 0.07; P < 0.001). In the absence of OGD, helium was also detrimental (0.909 +/- 0.07; P < 0.01). Xenon caused an increased expression of p-Akt, HIF-1alpha and Bcl-2, while the other noble gases did not modify protein expression. These results suggest that unlike other noble gases, preconditioning with the anesthetic noble gas xenon may have a role in protection against renal ischemic injury.

Nicorandil Protects against Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Newborn Rat Kidney

“…The OGD assay was performed as previously described [15,16]. OGD solution is a balanced glucose-free salt solution (pH 7.4) consisting of 116 mmol/l NaCl, 5.4 mmol/l KCl, 0.8 mmol/l MgSO 4 , 1 mmol/l NaH 2 PO4, 26 mmol/l NaHCO 3 and 1.8 mmol/l CaCl 2 .…”

Protective mechanisms of hypaconitine and glycyrrhetinic acid compatibility in oxygen and glucose deprivation injury

“…According to a described protocol (Rizvi et al, 2010), the OGD injury was produced by incubating with a glucose-free balanced salt solution (116 mmol/L NaCl, 5.4 mmol/L KCl, 0.8 mmol/L MgSO 4 , 1.0 mmol/L NaH 2 PO 4 , 1.8 mmol/L CaCl 2 , 26.2 mmol/L NaHCO 3 , 0.025 mmol/L phenol red, and 20 mmol/L sucrose) and exposing to a hypoxic environment of 5% CO 2 and 95% N 2 in air tight gas chambers at 37 °C for 4 h. These basic experimental conditions had been confirmed in our previous work. After 4 h culture, H9c2 cells were used in the experiment.…”

A Review on the Real Life Applications of Helium

“…In a different in vitro study of cultured neurons however, Rivzi et. al reported that normobaric helium was detrimental to neuron survival after hypoxia (Rizvi et al, 2009), and human tubular kidney cells (Rizvi et al, 2010).…”