Effect of No-Till and Raised-Bed Planting on Soil Moisture Conservation and Productivity of Summer Maize (Zea mays) in Eastern Himalayas

Yadav, Gulab Singh; Saha, Pradipta; Das, Anup; Layek, Jayanta; Debnath, Chandan

doi:10.1007/s40003-018-0308-8

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the crop under the FB system was prone to lodging during heavy rainfall coupled with the intense wind. This might be due to shallow root systems under FB since in saturated soil the roots are confined in the topsoils 30 . Contrary to FB planting, the BBF and RF systems facilitate safe disposal of rainwater, provide good soil aeration, better nutrient availability to baby corn plants leading to the higher LAI, dry matter accumulation, yield attributing parameters, and yield 54,55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baby corn produced under the BBF and the RF system had higher mineral concentration, protein, and ascorbic acid content as compared to the FB. Both the BBF and the RF facilitate drainage of excess rainwater; reduce water-logging and promote root growth and development which enhances the crop nutrient uptake 30,54 . The lowest concentration of minerals namely P, K, Fe and Zn, protein and ascorbic acid in baby corn produced under FB was attributed to water stagnation which might have reduced the photosynthetic rate 68 , root hydraulic conductivity, nutrient absorption and translocation of photoassimilates 69 and was perhaps responsible for the poor quality of cobs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be attributed to better root growth and biomass production with a higher quantity of carbon residues that remained in soil after harvesting than others. The BBF improves soil structure and aeration which promotes overall biomass production 30 . Contrary to BBF, the non-stable structure of the soils under the FB developed surface crust that increased soil compaction and reduced root growth thereby leading to poor biomass production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Land management system plays a crucial role in minimizing soil erosion and improving the water use efficiency of field crops 29 . However, most of the research on a land configuration has focused on avoiding/minimizing drought stress in crops especially in semi-arid, and tropical and subtropical climates 30 especially in mustard ( Brassica juncea ) 31 , pearl millets ( Pennisetum glaucum ) 32 , and corn 33 . However, systematic information on the effect of land configuration on baby corn productivity and product quality for high rainfall high altitude areas is not available to policymakers and farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of land configuration and organic nutrient management on productivity, quality and soil properties under baby corn in Eastern Himalayas

Singh¹,

Avasthe²,

Yadav

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Appropriate land configuration and assured nutrient supply are prerequisites for quality organic baby corn (Zea mays L.) production in high rainfall areas of the delicate Eastern Himalayan Region of India. A long term (5-year) study was conducted during 2012–2016 on a sandy loam soil in the mid attitude of Sikkim, Eastern Himalayan Region of India to evaluate the productivity, produce quality, the profitability of baby corn, and soil properties under different land configurations comprising flatbed, ridge and furrow, and broad bed and furrow, and organic nutrient management practices comprising un-amended control, farmyard manure 12 t ha−1, vermicompost 4 t ha−1 and farmyard manure 6 t ha−1 + vermicompost 2 t ha−1. The baby corn sown on broad bed and furrow had the tallest plant (149.25 cm), maximum dry matter (64.33 g plant−1), highest leaf area index (3.5), maximum cob length (8.10 cm), cob girth (6.13 cm) and cob weight (8.14 g) leading to significantly higher fresh baby corn yield (1.89 t ha−1), and net returns (US$ 906.1 ha−1) than those of other treatments. Mineral composition (phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc), protein, and ascorbic acid content were also the highest in baby corn grown under the broad bed and furrow system. The soil of broad bed and furrow had a higher pH, organic carbon content, organic carbon pools, microbial biomass carbon, and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate, and acid phosphatase) compared to soils of other land configurations. A combined application of farmyard manure (6 t ha−1) + vermicompost (2 t ha−1) improved the crop growth and produced 117.8% higher fresh baby corn and 99.7% higher fodder yield over control (0.9 t fresh corn and 13.02 t fodder yield ha−1), respectively. This treatment also registered significantly higher gross return (US$ 1746.9 ha−1), net return (US$ 935.8 ha−1), and benefit–cost ratio (2.15) than other nutrient management practices. Fresh cob quality in terms of protein (22.91%) and ascorbic acid content (101.6 mg 100 g−1) was observed to be significantly superior under combined application of farmyard manure (6 t ha−1) + vermicompost (2 t ha−1) than those of other nutrient management systems. However, fresh baby corn cobs produced with vermicompost 4 t ha−1 had the highest concentration of phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc. Application of farmyard manure 12 t ha−1 registered the maximum increment in soil organic carbon content (1.52%), its pool (40.6 t ha−1) and carbon sequestration rate (0.74 t ha−1 year−1) followed by integrated application of farmyard manure (6 t ha−1) and vermicompost (2 t ha−1). The maximum soil microbial biomass carbon and enzymatic activities [dehydrogenase (22.1 µg TPF g−1 soil h−1) and fluorescein diacetate (67.1 µg FDA g−1 soil h−1)] were noted with the combined use of farmyard manure (6 t ha−1) + vermicompost (2 t ha−1). Thus, the study suggests that the broad bed and furrow land configuration along with the combined application of farmyard manure + vermicompost could be an economically feasible practice for quality organic baby corn production and soil health improvement in the Eastern Himalaya and other similar eco-regions elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of land configuration and organic nutrient management on productivity, quality and soil properties under baby corn in Eastern Himalayas

Singh¹,

Avasthe²,

Yadav

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The reduction in q by shallow (1–2 inches of B in Figure ) spudding/harrowing (without traditional tillage) was tested by Ovsinsky () and later replicated and developed for various climatic and agronomic conditions (Allen, 1981; Faulkner, ; Friedrich et al, ; Kassam et al, ; Maltsev, ; Novakovska et al, ; Verhulst et al, ; Yadav et al, ). Along with many other advantages (including a better aeration of the root zone, circadian condensation of the dew in the B ‐layer of Figure , better nitrification and ensued reduction or the elimination of the application of agrochemicals, and more prolific activity of soil microbes), this no‐till technology in semiarid climates preserves more moisture in the root zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Evaporation by Optimal Layering of Topsoil: Revisiting Ovsinsky's Smart Mulching‐Tillage Technology Via Gardner‐Warrick's Unsaturated Analytical Model and HYDRUS

Kacimov

Šimůnek

2019

Water Resources Research

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Ovsinsky (1899, https://www.rulit.me/books/novaya-sistema-zemledeliya-read-193251-1.html) suggested and tested a water conserving soil no‐till technology for rain‐snow‐fed field crops in a semiarid environment in southern Russia. We model Ovsynsky's unsaturated flow fragment, in which 1‐D steady evaporation and evapotranspiration through a two‐layered soil from a horizontal static water table to a dry soil surface takes place. Gardner's exponential and algebraic functions are used for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity‐suction head relations. The vertical evaporation flux depends on the dyads and triads (correspondingly) of the parameters of these functions, for example, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the sorptive number of the two layers. The flux, as a function of the relative thickness of the upper stratum, is analytically found from the solution of one or two nonlinear equations. This relation can be nonmonotonic and exhibits either a minimum or maximum depending on whether this stratum is coarser or finer than the subjacent stratum fed from a horizontal isobar. HYDRUS‐1D simulations confirm these extrema. This explains the experimental results from the literature on mulching/tillage/soil crusting‐sealing, which can increase, decrease, or have no impact on evaporation from a shallow water table. Alterations of the soil's homogeneity to reduce evaporation losses can improve the hydrological balance of soil profiles.

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Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

et al. 2023

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Currently, agroecosystems sustainability is mainly challenged by unsustainable agricultural practices that lead to land degradation and amplified climate change. About 25% of the World's total land area has deteriorated due to improper agricultural land management, resulting in ~24 billion tonnes of annual soil loss. Globally, soil erosion, mainly caused by high‐frequency tilling, crop residue removal or burning, poor pasture management, and inefficient crop rotations, is responsible for >40% of total land deterioration problems. Conservation agriculture (CA) seeks minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, which are indispensable for soil fertility restoration, carbon stabilization, increased soil biodiversity, and sustainable food production. In the last decades, the global annual adoption rate of CA was 7 M ha yr−1. CA‐based soil and crop management practices enhanced water productivity, soil organic carbon, crop productivity, and energy use efficiency by 18%–66%, 12%–93%, 3.8%–76.2%, and 8.9%–40.2%, respectively, over conventional practices under diverse agroecosystems in India. Hence, adopting CA can avert/minimize the problem of land degradation and food insecurity by improving crop productivity and decreasing soil erosion, energy use, and carbon emission, besides maintaining soil physicochemical and biological health. Moreover, CA can be a sustainable way to ensure global food demand, achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), and restore soil health, and multiple agroecosystem services. This study aims to provide in‐depth insights into the role of CA in restoring agroecosystem services, attaining SDGs, and ensuring global food security.

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Effect of No-Till and Raised-Bed Planting on Soil Moisture Conservation and Productivity of Summer Maize (Zea mays) in Eastern Himalayas

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of land configuration and organic nutrient management on productivity, quality and soil properties under baby corn in Eastern Himalayas

Impact of land configuration and organic nutrient management on productivity, quality and soil properties under baby corn in Eastern Himalayas

Minimizing Evaporation by Optimal Layering of Topsoil: Revisiting Ovsinsky's Smart Mulching‐Tillage Technology Via Gardner‐Warrick's Unsaturated Analytical Model and HYDRUS

Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

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