Effect of NO 2 on Particle Formation in SO 2 /H 2 O/Air Mixtures by Ion-Induced and Homogeneous Nucleation

Kim, Chan Soo; Adachi, Motoaki; Okuyama, Kikuo; Seinfeld, John H.

doi:10.1080/02786820290092122

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…There are several hypotheses to explain the nucleation processes [ Kim et al , 2002; Korhonen et al , 1999; Kulmala et al , 1998; O'Dowd et al , 2002b]. Sulfuric acid is considered to play a key role in the nucleation [ Kulmala , 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1‐year data set

Wu¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

315

319

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[1] Particle number size distributions between 3 nm and 10 mm were measured in Beijing, China. New particle formation events were observed on around 40% of the measurement days from March 2004 to February 2005 and were generally observed under low relative humidity and sunny conditions. Though occurring during all seasons, new particle formation events had highest frequency in spring and lowest frequency in summer. Events were classified as ''clean'' or ''polluted'' groups mainly according to the condensational sink and the local wind. The formation rate range was from 3.3 to 81.4 cm À3 s À1 . The growth rate varied from 0.1 to 11.2 nm h À1. The seasonal variation of condensable vapor concentration showed the highest values during summer months due to enhanced photochemical and biological activities as well as stagnant air masses preventing exchange with cleaner air.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1‐year data set

Wu¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

315

319

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“…The first step is the formation of an initial nucleus, and the second step is the growth of the particles to larger sizes. A number of mechanisms have been proposed as candidates for the initial nucleus formation step based on observations and theoretical considerations, including (1) homogeneous binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water (Weber et al 1999); (2) homogeneous ternary nucleation of ammonia-water-sulfuric acid (Eisele and McMurry 1997;Kulmala et al 2001;O'Dowd et al 1999); (c) homogenous nucleation of low vapor pressure organic compounds (O'Dowd et al 2002); (d) ion-induced nucleation (Kim et al 2002). The second step in forming detectable new particles, growth, is also uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation Events During the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study: Description and Relation to Key Meteorological, Gas Phase, and Aerosol Parameters Special Issue ofAerosol Science and Technologyon Findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program

Stanier

Khlystov

Pandis

2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

279

276

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During the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) aerosol size distributions between 3 nm and 680 nm were measured between July 2001 and June 2002. These distributions have been analyzed to assess the importance of nucleation as a source of ultrafine particles in Pittsburgh and the surrounding areas. The analysis shows nucleation on 50% of the study days and regional-scale formation of ultrafine particles on 30% of the days. Nucleation occurred during all seasons, but it was most frequent in fall and spring and least frequent in winter. Regional nucleation was most common on sunny days with below average PM 2.5 concentrations. Local nucleation events were usually associated with elevated SO 2 concentrations. The observed nucleation events ranged from weak events with only a slight increase in the particle number to relatively intense events with increases of total particle counts between 50,000 cm −3 up to 150,000 cm −3 . Averaging all days of the study, days with nucleation events had number concentrations peaking at around noon at about 45,000 cm −3 . This is compared to work days without nucleation, when the daily maximum was 8 am at 23,000 cm −3 , and to weekends without nucleation, when the daily maximum was at noon at 16,000 cm −3 . Twenty-four-hour average number concentrations were approximately 40% higher on days with nucleation compared to those without. Nucleation was typically observed starting around 9 am EST, although the start of nucleation events was later in winter and earlier in summer. The nucleation events are fairly well correlated with the product of [UV intensity * SO 2 concentration] and also depend on the effective area available for condensation.

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“…It is widely accepted that two phases are involved in NPF: (1) the nucleation of an initial cluster and (2) subsequent activation of these clusters resulting in particle growth to a detectable size (Kulmala et al, 2000). The formation of these initial clusters is part of the main focus of investigation, with numerous candidates thought to play a role in NPF, such as H 2 OÁH 2 SO 4 (binary nucleation, Easter and Peters, 1994), H 2 OÁH 2 SO 4 ÁNH 3 nucleation (Eisele and McMurray, 1997), 'nucleation of low vapour pressure organic compounds' (O'Dowd et al, 2002), 'ion-induced nucleation' (Kim et al, 2002) and 'activation of existing neutral and/or ion clusters' (Kulmala et al, 2006). However, nucleation and subsequent growth are believed to be two separate processes, and species involved in initial nucleation may not be important for the growth of the nucleating clusters (Kulmala et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of sub-micrometer particle number size distributions and concentrations in the Western Mediterranean regional background

Cusack

Pérez²,

Pey³

et al. 2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TThis study focuses on the daily and seasonal variability of particle number size distributions and concentrations, performed at the Montseny (MSY) regional background station in the western Mediterranean from October 2010 to June 2011. Particle number concentrations at MSY were shown to be within range of various other sites across Europe reported in literature, but the seasonality of the particle number size distributions revealed significant differences. The Aitken mode is the dominant particle mode at MSY, with arithmetic mean concentrations of 1698 cm 3 , followed by the accumulation mode (877 cm (3 ) and the nucleation mode (246 cm). Concentrations showed a strong seasonal variability with large increases in particle number concentrations observed from the colder to warmer months. The modality of median size distributions was typically bimodal, except under polluted conditions when the size distribution was unimodal. During the colder months, the daily variation of particle number size distributions are strongly influenced by a diurnal breeze system, whereby the Aitken and accumulation modes vary similarly to PM 1 and BC mass concentrations, with nocturnal minima and sharp day-time increases owing to the development of a diurnal mountain breeze. Under clean air conditions, high levels of nucleation and lower Aitken mode concentrations were measured, highlighting the importance of new particle formation as a source of particles in the absence of a significant condensation sink. During the warmer months, nucleation mode concentrations were observed to be relatively elevated both under polluted and clean conditions due to increased photochemical reactions, with enhanced subsequent growth owing to elevated concentrations of condensable organic vapours produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds, indicating that nucleation at MSY does not exclusively occur under clean air conditions. Finally, mixing of air masses between polluted and non-polluted boundary layer air, and brief changes in the air mass being sampled gave rise to unusual particle number size distributions, with specific cases of such behaviour discussed at length.

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Effect of NO 2 on Particle Formation in SO 2 /H 2 O/Air Mixtures by Ion-Induced and Homogeneous Nucleation

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1‐year data set

New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1‐year data set

Nucleation Events During the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study: Description and Relation to Key Meteorological, Gas Phase, and Aerosol Parameters Special Issue ofAerosol Science and Technologyon Findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program

Variability of sub-micrometer particle number size distributions and concentrations in the Western Mediterranean regional background

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