Effect of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant blended with Mg(OH)₂/Al(OH)₃ and nano‐SiO₂ on fire‐retardant behavior and hygroscopicity of poplar

Abstract

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to screen any possible synergistic effects related to the combination of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant and Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3. This combination is used to improve fire performance, especially smoke suppression of poplar through ultrasonic wave impregnation after microwave treatment. In this study, nano‐SiO2 was used to impregnate poplar treated with nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant and form a hydrophobic layer on wood cells in order to improve hygroscopicity and reduce water uptake. Cone tests and thermal analysis showed that poplar treated with blended fire retardant had improved behavior. Results show that a 20% and 25% nitrogen–phosphorus fire‐retardant solution (blended by adding 10% Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 based on the dry weight of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant) was more effective for smoke suppression. The heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of a 25% nitrogen–phosphorus fire‐retardant solution blended by adding 10% Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 showed significant reduction. The char residual yield showed a marked increase to 35.5%. Fourier transform infrared analysis suggested a –CH2–Si–CH2– and Si–O–C stretching vibration in nano‐SiO2 treated poplar, which greatly decreased the hygroscopicity of fire‐retardant‐treated poplar. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

“…Another disadvantageous property of wood (especially the fast-growing woods) is its flammability which restricts its application in furniture, decoration, and construction industries [5][6][7][8]. Flame-retardancy treatment is a crucial precautionary measure for wood materials [9]. Thus, the fast-growing poplar wood was simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant which can improve the aesthetic aspects and safety.…”

Effects of the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers on the rigid polyurethane foam

“…This is because phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant could produce nitrogen and ammonia gas, which could reduce the concentration of oxygen and flammable gas. The oxynitride and phosphorus can also restrain freedom radical . What is more, PET and flame retardant also have the interactions, which helps the formation of more stable carbonaceous char.…”

Improvements in Fire Resistance, Decay Resistance, Anti-Mold Property and Bonding Performance in Plywood Treated with Manganese Chloride, Phosphoric Acid, Boric Acid and Ammonium Chloride

“…Fire retardants which contain P, N and B have been the research hotspot in fire retardants for wood for their characteristics of being toxic-free, smoke-inhibiting, cheap and having good fire resistance. Nitrogen-phosphorus fire retardant provides good flame retardation effects to wood by thermal decomposition into non-flammable gases, lowering the thermal decomposition temperature and increasing the char-formation rate [7][8][9][10][11]. Borides are covered onto the wood surface after swelling and melting upon the contact of heat to isolate oxygen, thus realizing the goal of retarding flames by stopping combustion of wood [12].…”