Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Response of Tobacco to Ozone in the Atmosphere

Leone, Ida A.; Brennan, E.; Daines, Robert H.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1966.10468461

Cited by 41 publications

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“…Others have also reported that both foliar injury and biomass responses of plants to O3 were more pronounced when plants were grown with adequate nitrogen supply (Brewer et al, 1961;Leone et al, 1966;Ormrod et al, 1973). There are several explanations possible for this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of radish to multiple stresses

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to determine the impact of nitrogen and ozone (O3) stress on the growth of domestic radish Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle. Plants were grown in field chambers with sub-, optimal and supraoptimal levels of nitrogenous fertilizer. Chamber air was either charcoal-filtered, or supplemented with one of two levels of O3. The highest O3 treatment resulted in significant reduction in weight of hypocotyls and roots while elevated nitrogen treatments resulted in increased weight of all plant parts. Ozone did not affect the weight of plant foliage at any nitrogen level. Plants grown with lower levels of nitrogen had less leaf biomass but the tissue accounted for a greater percentage total weight than did the foliage of higher nitrogen treatments. Relative growth rate of whole plants was not aflFected by O3 or nitrogen treatments refiecting compensation in response to both stresses. Ozone-induced depression in biomass was observed in 03-treated plants grown with higher nitrogen supply but not in those grown with limiting nitrogen. This observation could reflect compensation at the lower levels of nitrogen supply or inability to detect changes in biomass due to reduced weights of plants grown at the lowest nitrogen supply. The dry weight ratio of sink organs (hypocotyl plus root)/shoot was significantly correlated with the total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) content of these organs, regardless of treatment. Initially, O3 induced a significant decrease and nitrogen an increase in percent TNC of sink organs. At later sampling times, plants adjusted to stress as effects on percent TNC were no longer evident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of radish to multiple stresses

et al. 1990

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“…Both Nicotiana rustica L. and Spinacea oleraceae cv. Viroflay plants grown either at optimum or relatively large rates of N, respectively, exhibited greater foliar symptoms in response to O., (Brewer, Buillemet & Creveling, 1961;Leone, Brennan & Daines, 1966). Several groups, however, have also examined the impact of O3/N interactions on plant growth (Adedipe & Hofstra, 1973;Pell et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen supply as a limiting factor determining the sensitivity of Populus tremuloides Michx. to ozone stress

1995

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SII M M A R YSeedlings of trembling aspen {Populus tremuloides Michx.) were grown at six rates of supplemental nitrogen (N). Five of the N rates were sub-optimal to optimal for growth, whilst the sixth provided an excess of N with no additional growth benefit. The biomass of plants stressed by ozone (O3) in open-top chambers was significantly reduced at optimal rates of N. Plants which received sub-optimal or excess N showed no significant effects of O., on hiomass accumulation. Ozone induced two compensatory responses; increased shoot/root ratio and accelerated senescence, at all N rates. Growth rate was strongly influenced by the amount of N supplied, and O.,-induced reductions in total biomass were highly correlated with growth rate. We concluded that when growth rate was small as a result of N limitation, compensatory responses to O,, stress were sufficient to prevent detectable losses in biomass.

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“…duPont de Nemours and Co.), prepared in aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, was applied to bean plants as a soil drench on the aftemoon of the day before ozone exposure. Ozone fumigations (0.3 ppm for 6 h) were conducted in a dynamic flow system contained within a greenhouse (18); nonfumigated plants were held in a similar chamber without ozone during the fumigation. Ozone was produced by a generator (OREC model 0341-0) supplied with high-grade oxygen.…”

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The Antiozonant Ethylenediurea Does Not Act via Superoxide Dismutase Induction in Bean

Pitcher¹,

Brennan²,

Zilinskas³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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It has been proposed that the mode of action of ethylenediurea, a very effective antiozonant, is via an increase in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EH Lee, IH Bennett [1982] Plant Physiol 69: 1444-1449). Data presented here refute that hypothesis. No ethylenediurea-associated increases in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase or Mn-superoxide dismutase activity, nor in steady-state Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase protein levels, were found in soluble extracts of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Bush Blue Lake 290) leaves. However, the cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase increased as a result of ozone fumigation and subsequent injury. Also noted was a developmentally related difference between chloroplastic and cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, the latter declining during maturation of the leaf. SOD in leaves is a primary scavenger for superoxide radicals generated both as a by-product of normal physiological activities and from exposure to pollutants such as ozone. Its importance as an antioxidant is demonstrated by the fact that it has been found in all aerobic organisms studied to date; also, mutants that are deficient in SOD are extremely sensitive to oxidative stress (11). Further, SOD activity increases in response to various oxidative stress conditions (2, 11, 23), including ozone (8,20). Cu/Zn-SOD has been the focus of much of our research; therefore, based on Lee and Bennett's (17) report, we attempted to use EDU to study the regulation of SOD gene expression. However, we found no effect of EDU on SOD activity in our model system, pea, even though the plants were completely protected from ozone damage at doses comparable to those used in bean (Y. Shaaltiel, L.H. Pitcher, unpublished data). Thinking the effect might be genotype related, we studied the species and variety used by Lee and Bennett. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the protective action of EDU was singularly dependent upon an increase in SOD. Our specific objectives were as follows: (a) to determine if EDU and/or ozone caused a significant change in SOD activity associated with cyt or chl Cu/Zn isoforms, or in Mn-SOD activity during a time period associated with EDU-induced ozone tolerance; (b) to determine if EDU and/ or ozone caused a significant change in the steady-state levels of Cu/Zn-SOD immunologically detectable protein associated with the cyt or chl isoforms during a time period associated with EDU-induced ozone tolerance; and (c) to determine the long-term effects of EDU on overall SOD activity, as well as upon the relative activities of the various isozymes, by following SOD activity in leaves at different stages of development when EDU was administered to the plants.Of major importance to the achievement of our objectives was the employment of two independent methods for the measurement of SOD, each one superior to colorimetric solution assays of leaf extracts or partially purified enzyme as 1388 www.plantphysiol.org on March 24, 2019 -Published by Downloaded from

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Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Response of Tobacco to Ozone in the Atmosphere

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Response of radish to multiple stresses

Response of radish to multiple stresses

Nitrogen supply as a limiting factor determining the sensitivity of Populus tremuloides Michx. to ozone stress

The Antiozonant Ethylenediurea Does Not Act via Superoxide Dismutase Induction in Bean

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