Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Efficiency and Remobilization in Quinoa Cultivars

Mansouri, M; Fazel, Mojtaba Alavi; Gilani, Abdolali; Lak, S H; Mojddam, M.

doi:10.13133/2239-3129/17108

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Mechanical sowing was also practiced for large areas in order to reduce the amount of labor and time needed for this operation (Matıás et al, 2021). Quinoa was also planted in ridges, probably to increase the water infiltration, reduce runoff and hasten the plant growth (Hamza et al, 2021;Mansouri et al, 2021). Another method is to grow quinoa plants in the nursery during the first development stages and transplant it in the field when the climatic and soil conditions become suitable for its cultivation (Ludvigson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Planting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weed were controlled manually Weed were controlled manually at the early stages when the plants were growing slowly Mansouri et al (2021) Weed removal was carried out manually every 3-4 weeks Alvar-Beltrań et al (2019) Weed were controlled manually at 4-6 leaf and the second when the plant has 30 cm Ji-kai et al (2019) Weeds were removed manually 30 days after sowing Iqbal et al (2018) Weeds were controlled by hand hoeing and when needed and before canopy closure Kakabouki et al (2019) Weed were controlled by hoeing one month after the sowing Altuner (2019) Weed were controlled manually twice, 35 and 55 Days After Emergence Casini (2019) Weed were controlled manually 30 days after sowing Bilalis et al (2012) Brown Stalk Rot is another quinoa disease caused by Phoma exigua var. foveata and it was reported for the first time in Peru (Otazu and Salas, 1977).…”

Section: Weeding Methods Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Worldwide development of agronomic management practices for quinoa cultivation: a systematic review

Taaime

Rafik²,

Mejahed

et al. 2023

Front. Agron.

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is a drought and salinity-tolerant crop that originated in the Andes over 7000 years ago. It is adapted to different agroecological areas and can be grown from sea level to an altitude of 4000 m. The outstanding nutritional status of quinoa, with its high content of proteins, vitamins, and minerals, makes it a promising crop able to combat hunger and malnutrition in different countries in the 21st century. Quinoa cultivation has expanded from South America to Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America. Reviewing quinoa cropping practices will provide farmers with adequate recommendations for improving the agronomic and environmental sustainability of quinoa cultivation worldwide. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review of agronomic management practices in 148 field experiments conducted worldwide from 2000 to 2022. The collected data from the literature were analyzed and presented by location to determine high-performing genotypes, optimal planting dates, and other adequate cropping practices affecting quinoa performance and yield. Results showed that quinoa could be successfully cultivated in the new farming areas. Quinoa yields were higher than those reported in its place of origin, ranging from 108 kg ha-1, obtained by KU-2 in Washington State, to 9667 kg ha-1, obtained by Longli in China. Although quinoa is considered a crop with low input requirements, positive grain yield response was observed following increasing fertilization rates. Quinoa needs 2 to 4.6 kg of nitrogen to produce 1q of grain yield. In terms of phosphorus and potassium, quinoa needs 3.7 kg P2O5 and 4.3 kg K2O to produce 1 ton of total biomass. Quinoa has low water requirements (300-400 mm). However, a positive response was recorded with water quantities up to 866 mm. During our investigation, weed control in quinoa crop is still undeveloped and usually done manually. Research addressing this issue can increase quinoa yields and decrease the production cost. Downey mildew and birds’ attack are the major phytosanitary problems affecting quinoa grain yield. Other pests such as miners and aphids can also affect the health of quinoa, but their injury is not a serious problem. After the harvest, saponins found in the out layer of the seed can be removed through washing and mechanical pearling process, but the latter technic was found to be efficient and cost effective to reduce the saponin content. Our results constitute the first recommendation base for the adequate worldwide agronomic practices of quinoa crop.

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