Effect of nitrogen contamination on intergranular corrosion of stabilized ferritic stainless steels

Gates, J.D.; Jago, R. A.

doi:10.1179/mst.1987.3.6.450

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Gates et al. [29] calculated from published data for solvus temperatures of the various stabiliser compounds. The result showed that nitrides generally were more stable than carbides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al [28] demonstrated that Ti mainly existed in form of TiN and Nb existed mainly in form of NbC in ultra-pure FSS. Gates et al [29] calculated from published data for solvus temperatures of the various stabiliser compounds. The result showed that nitrides generally were more stable than carbides.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Precipitation Chromium Depletion and Associate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel 436L susceptibility to intergranular corrosion using optimised double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method

Sun

Dai

et al. 2018

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The susceptibility of 17Cr ferrite stainless steel to intergranular corrosion (IGC) was investigated using the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test and the microstructural characterisation. The results show that the optimised DL-EPR test condition for 17Cr ferrite stainless steel is l M H 2 SO 4 + 0.006 M KSCN solution with a scan rate of 0.1 V min −1 at 25°C The severe IGC occurs in the temperature range of 500-650°C and the nose temperature locates at approximately 600°C. The I r /I a value rises up to 16.99% when heat treated at 600°C for 30 min. After aging treatment, M 23 C 6 precipitates are detected using transmission electron microscopy, resulting in the presence of the Cr depletion zone. However, the degree of IGC for 436L is extremely limited due to the Cr element diffusion form the matrix despite prolonging the aging time to 5 h.

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“…Gates et al. [29] calculated from published data for solvus temperatures of the various stabiliser compounds. The result showed that nitrides generally were more stable than carbides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Precipitation Chromium Depletion and Associate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel 436L susceptibility to intergranular corrosion using optimised double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method

Sun

Dai

et al. 2018

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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“…This process aims to dissolve the carbides of titanium and niobium, which are generated in stabilisation treatment process, and release soluble carbon atoms. It's worth noting that the nitrides of titanium and niobium are still stable even at this temperature [19,21]. After that, the specimens were aged at different temperatures (550, 600 or 650°C) for varied enduring times (10, 30 min, 1 or 2 h), respectively, to induce the formation of Cr-rich intergranular precipitates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following etching, the specimens were rinsed in deionised water and ethanol, and then dried in hot air. During oxalic acid etch test, chromium carbides were selectively dissolved to cause etched ditches [4,21,23,28]. Oxalic acid etch test detects the susceptibility to IGC by classification of etched microstructure.…”

Section: Electrochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in intergranular corrosion resistance of the stabilised ultra-pure 430LX ferritic stainless steel by tin addition

Cheng

Dai

Zhong

et al. 2020

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility of the Ti-Nb-stabilised ultra-pure 430LX FSSs with 0-0.47 wt-% tin addition was investigated using double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) and oxalic acid etch tests. The result of DL-EPR test reveals that IGC resistance increases with the increase in tin content. The specimens with different contents of tin exhibit the same microstructural evolution based on oxalic acid etch test. M 23 C 6 precipitates form along grain boundaries, inducing Cr-depleted zones and finally resulting in the susceptibility to IGC. Tin addition gives rise to the formation of SnO 2 on the FSSs surface, thus inhibiting the attack of corrosive ions towards Cr-depleted zones.

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“…In addition, they are sensitive to intergranular corrosion, especially after welding, due to the precipitation at grain boundaries of chromium carbides, creating along the grain boundaries chromium depleted zones more sensitive to corrosion [5]. In order to reduce this sensitization phenomenon, some stabilizing elements like niobium or titanium can be added, to promote the formation of carbides of these elements instead of chromium carbides [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

et al. 2013

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Several compositions of metal cored filler wire were manufactured to define the best welding conditions for homogeneous welding, by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process, of a modified AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel dedicated to automotive exhaust manifold applications. The patented grade is know under APERAM trade name K44X and has been developed to present improved high temperature fatigue properties. All filler wires investigated contained 19%Cr and 1.8%Mo, equivalent to the base metal K44X chemistry, but various titanium and niobium contents. Chemical analyses and microstructural observations of fusion zones revealed the need of a minimum Ti content of 0.15% to obtain a completely equiaxed grain structure. This structure conferred on the fusion zone a good ductility even in the as-welded state at room temperature. Unfortunately, titanium additions decreased the oxidation resistance at 950°C if no significant Nb complementary alloying was made. The combined high Ti and Nb additions made it possible to obtain for the welded structure, after optimized heat treatment, high temperature tensile strengths and ductility for the fusion zones and assemblies, rather close to those of the base metal. 950°C aging heat treatment was necessary to restore significantly the ductility of the as welded structure. Both fusion zone and base metal presented rather homogenized properties. Finally, with the optimized composition of the cored filler wire -0.3 Ti minimum (i.e. 0.15% in the fusion zone) and high Nb complementary additions, the properties, including the thermal fatigue strength, of the K44X assemblies are excellent.

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Effect of nitrogen contamination on intergranular corrosion of stabilized ferritic stainless steels

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Investigation on ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel 436L susceptibility to intergranular corrosion using optimised double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method

Investigation on ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel 436L susceptibility to intergranular corrosion using optimised double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method

Enhancement in intergranular corrosion resistance of the stabilised ultra-pure 430LX ferritic stainless steel by tin addition

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

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