Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Yield and Botanical Composition1 of Western Montana Range<sup>1</sup>

Klages, M. G.; Ryerson, Douglas E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700010025x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, important changes in species composition from 1978 to 1979 occurred which were attributable to effects of prolonged irrigation. Such changes were also noted in certain earlier studies on semiarid rangeland (e.g., Hubbell andGardner 1944, Klages andRyerson 1965). Composition by warm-season grasses and less irrigationresponsive cool-season grasses was reduced by competitive inhibition from a limited number of highly responsive cool-season species.…”

Section: Fir 5 Graphic Uortraval Of Mean Drv Root Biomass Ia Landwrsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

DePuit¹,

Skilbred²,

Coenenberg³

1982

Journal of Range Management

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Responses of reseeded vegetation in the first two growing seasons (1978 and 1979) to irrigation on topsoiled sodic mine spoils are presented. In terms of above-ground productMy and stand composition, irrigation significantly promoted growth of seeded perennial grasses and legumes in total. This stimulation was most pronounced in 1979 for the cool-season grasses, slender wheatgrass, smooth bromegrass and western wheatgrass and the invading cool-season legume yellow sweetclover. Other cool-season grasses and warm-season grasses were stimuiated by inifini irrigation, but were either unaffected or retarded (due to competitive relationships) by continued irrigation. Productivity of invading annual weeds was significantly curtailed by irrigation by 1979. Although differences in composition occurred, total stand productivity was similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plots in 1978, a year of above-average precipitation. In 1979, a drier year, total stand productivity was nearly three times higher under irrigation than nonirrigation. In the first year of study (1978), a higher measured index of stand structural diversity occurred under irrigation. This relationship became reversed in 1979, with higher structural diversity in nonirrigated plots. Root biomass was significantly higher in nonirrigated than in irrigated plots. This difference between irrigation and nonirrigation was most pronounced in the applied topsoil zone. Root distribution was skewed towards shallowest soil depths under irrigation to a far greater extent than under nonirrigation. Impacts of coal surface mining in the western United States will increase during the coming decades, and much mined land will be reclaimed for rangeland use. Moisture availability is often a major factor affecting revegetation of mined land in this region (May 1975). In arid areas irrigation may be the only means to establish vegetation rapidly (Aldon 1978). Success with both sprinkler and drip irrigation systems on mined land has been reported in the Southwest (Bengson 1977; Aldon et al. 1976; DeRemer and Bach Authors are associate research plant ecologist and research assistants in reclamation, respectively,

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Section: Fir 5 Graphic Uortraval Of Mean Drv Root Biomass Ia Landwrsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

DePuit¹,

Skilbred²,

Coenenberg³

1982

Journal of Range Management

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“…Such poor to fair forage species as Fhlox hoodii, Artemisia frigida, and Taraxicum officinale may provide the bulk of the increase (Klages and Ryerson 1965). The rhizomatous wheatgrasses usually respond more favorably to fertilization than the less desirable Bouteloua gracilis (Smoliak 1965b; Lorenz and Rogler 1972) .…”

Section: Decreasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland and shrubland habitat types of western Montana /

Mueggler¹,

Stewart²

1980

156

171

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A classification system is presented for the grasslands and shrublands of the mountainous western third of Montana. The classification utilizes the habitat type concept and is based upon potential natural vegetation. Data on plant species and environment from 580 relatively undisturbed stands were analyzed to form the classification. Twenty-nine habitat types occurring in 13 climax series are defined and described. A diagnostic key utilizing indicator plant species is provided for field identification of the habitat types. Vegetation composition, distribution, and environment of each habitat type are described in the text. Tables are provided for detailed comparisons. Management related information on forage productivity, composition changes with grazing, and range management practices is summarized for each type.

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“…Yield responses to fertilization are common, but not universal, in forests (Carmean and Watt 1975, Pritchett and Smith 1975, Turneretal. 1979, Keeney 1980)and grasslands (Klages and Ryerson 1965, Casper et al 1967, Goetz 1969. Variation among sites in the degree of nutrient limitation is an important practical problem (Waring andYoungberg 1972, Pritchett andSmith 1975) and has theoretical significance in nutrient cycling studies (Chapin et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Limitation of Production and Decomposition in Prairie, Mountain Meadow, and Pine Forest

Hunt¹,

Ingham²,

Coleman³

et al. 1988

Ecology

318

205

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The responses of decomposition and primary production to nitrogen supply were investigated in a shortgrass prairie, a mountain meadow, and a lodgepole pine forest. Nitrogen (N) supply was increased by applying ammonium nitrate, or decreased by applying sucrose. The litterbag technique was used to follow decomposition ofleaves of the dominant plants: blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) from the prairie, western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) from the meadow, and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) from the forest.Soil from beneath the litterbags was sampled at the time of litterbag retrieval in order to detect interactions between decomposition and properties of the underlying soil. There was no consistent effect of soil properties on decomposition rate, but there was a significant effect of litter type on N mineralization in the underlying soil.Decomposition was fastest in the forest, intermediate in the prairie, and slowest in the meadow. Blue grama decomposed faster than the other litters. Each litter type decomposed faster than expected when placed in its ecosystem of origin. This interaction suggests that decomposers in an ecosystem are adapted to the most prevalent types of litter.Nitrogen supply had a small but significant effect on decomposition rate. Within an ecosystem, there was a positive association between decomposition and accumulation of N within the litter, but this relationship was 'reversed when comparing across ecosystems, possibly because of the overriding effects of differences among ecosystems in abiotic factors.Aboveground net primary production was estimated in the grasslands by a single harvest at the end of the growing season, and growth increment of boles was measured in the forest. These indices of primary production showed a greater relative response to N fertilization than did decomposition, suggesting that primary production is the more N-limited process.

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Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Yield and Botanical Composition1 of Western Montana Range¹

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

Grassland and shrubland habitat types of western Montana /

Nitrogen Limitation of Production and Decomposition in Prairie, Mountain Meadow, and Pine Forest

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Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Yield and Botanical Composition1 of Western Montana Range1

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

Effects of Two Years of Irrigation on Revegetation of Coal Surface-Mined Land in Southeastern Montana

Grassland and shrubland habitat types of western Montana /

Nitrogen Limitation of Production and Decomposition in Prairie, Mountain Meadow, and Pine Forest

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Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Yield and Botanical Composition1 of Western Montana Range¹