Effect of Nitrate on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation of Soybean

Ohyama, Takuji; Fujikake, Hiroyuki; Yashima, Hiroyuki; Tanabata, Sayuri; Ishikawa, Satoshi; Sato, Takashi; Nishiwaki, Toshikazu; Ohtake, Norikuni; Sueyoshi, Kuni; Ishii, Shinya; Fujimaki, Shu

doi:10.5772/17992

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Availability of essential nutrients and moderate levels of nitrogen generally enhance nodule formation and functioning [71, 73]. High rates of nitrogen fertilizers however have been shown to inhibit nodule formation in both controlled and field conditions [24, 34, 74, 75]. Hence, investigations to determine the threshold values, depending, among others, on soil types, below which starter N would be required to improve legume response to inoculation in low fertility soils, are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of soybean response to rhizobia inoculant, Vermicompost, and a legume-specific fertilizer blend in Siaya County of Kenya

Mathenge¹,

Thuita²,

Masso³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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2 11 Abstract 12 Rhizobia inoculation can increase soybean yield, but its performance is influenced by soybean 13 genotype, rhizobia strains, environment, and crop management among others. The objective of 14 the study was to assess soybean response to rhizobia inoculation when grown in soils amended 15 with urea or Vermicompost to improve nitrogen levels. Two greenhouse experiments and one 16 field trial at two sites were carried out. The first greenhouse experiment included soils from sixty 17 locations, sampled from smallholder farms in Western Kenya. The second greenhouse 18 experiment consisted of one soil selected from soils used in the first experiment where 19 inoculation response was poor. The soil was amended with Vermicompost or urea. In the two 20 greenhouse experiments, Legumefix® (inoculant) + Sympal (legume fertilizer blend) were used 21 as a standard package. Results from the second greenhouse experiment were then validated in the 22 field. In the first greenhouse trial, soybean response to inoculation was significantly affected by 23 soil fertility based on nodule fresh weight and shoot biomass. Soils with low nitrogen had low to 24 no response to inoculation. After amendment, nodule fresh weight, nodule effectiveness, nodule 25 occupancy, and shoot dry biomass were greater in the treatment amended with Vermicompost 26 than those amended with urea (Legumefix® + Sympal + Vermicompost and Legumefix® + 27 Sympal + urea). Under field conditions, trends were similar to the second experiment for 28 nodulation, nodule occupancy, and nitrogen uptake resulting in significantly greater grain yields 29 (475, 709, 856, 880, 966 kg ha -1 ) after application of Vermicompost at 0, 37, 74, 111, and 148 kg 30 N ha -1 , respectively. It was concluded that soybean nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation in 31 low fertility soils would not be suppressed by organic amendments like Vermicompost up to 148 32 kg N ha -1 . 33 Keywords: Rhizobia inoculation, nodule occupancy, nodule effectiveness, Vermicompost, grain 34 yield. 3 36 Introduction 37 Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is one of the world's most important legumes in terms of 38 production and trade and has been a dominant oilseed since the 1960s [1]. The crop is well 39 known for its high protein content (about 40%) [2]. Additionally, it can improve soil properties 40 and soil biological health by soil nitrogen enrichment through N 2 fixation and subsequent 41 mineralization of shoot and root biomass [3]. It therefore represents a significant opportunity in 42 sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where over 80% of the soils are nitrogen deficient [85], and over 39% 43 of the children under 5 years are stunted because of malnutrition caused by nutrient deficiency, 44 particularly proteins [4], contributing to over one third of child deaths [5]. Integration of soybean 45 in smallholder farming systems would thus not only improve human nutrition when the crop is 46 included in diets but also soil productivity. Such benefits would materialize when good 47 agronomic practices...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While such inhibition has been well-documented [32], this could be different in low fertility soils that are N deficient [33]. Starter N is sometimes needed to achieve a substantial yield of legumes including soybean when the symbiotic N 2 fixation is unable to provide enough nitrogen [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of soybean response to rhizobia inoculant, Vermicompost, and a legume-specific fertilizer blend in Siaya County of Kenya

Mathenge¹,

Thuita²,

Masso³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, a high concentration of mineral N depresses nodule formation and nitrogen fixation activity, especially nitrate, the most abundant inorganic nitrogen in upland fields, severely inhibits nodulation and nitrogen fixation [22][23][24].…”

Section: Soybean -The Basis Of Yield Biomass and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen on Growth and Seed Yield of Soybean and a New Fertilization Technique to Promote Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield

Ohyama¹,

Tewari²,

Ishikawa³

et al. 2017

Soybean - The Basis of Yield, Biomass and Productivity

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Soybean is an important crop for human food and feed for livestock. World soybean production is increasing especially in North and South America. Soybean seeds contain a high percentage of protein about 35-40%, and they require a large amount of nitrogen compared with other crops. Soybean plants make root nodules with rhizobia, and rhizobia can fix atmospheric N 2 and give the fixed N to the host soybean plants. Also, soybean can absorb nitrogen usually nitrate from soil or fertilizers. The amount of total assimilated nitrogen in shoot is proportional to the soybean seed yield either from nitrogen fixation or from nitrogen absorption, and the nitrogen availability is very important for soybean cultivation. Maintenance of a high and long-term nitrogen fixation activity is very important for a high production of soybean. However, application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers usually depresses nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Nitrate in direct contact with a nodulated part of roots causes severe inhibition of nodule growth and nitrogen fixation, although a distant part of nodules from nitrate application gives no or little effect. Deep placement of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, coated urea, or lime nitrogen promoted the growth and seed yield and quality of soybean without depressing nitrogen fixation.

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“…In addition to direct effect of mineral N on growth of undersown legume, the aftereffect of nitrogen on the biomass yield formation of red clover crop was studied. The direct influence of mineral N in the year of application was shown to have many effects, including a decrease in nodule number, nodule mass, and N 2 fixation activity, as well as the acceleration of nodule senescence or disintegration (Ohyama et al, 2012). In this trial, mean biomass yield of the 1 st cut in organic treatments over trial years ranged between 4924-5018 kg ha -1 in DM, which was 9-22% higher than that in conventional treatments (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A reduced rate of mineral nitrogen fertiliser is used for mixtures of cereals with legumes in conventional farming. In the study with soybean Ohyama et al (2012) found that the development and nitrogen fixation activity of legume root nodules are suppressed when nodulated roots are exposed to a high concentration of mineral nitrogen. However, there is a lack of information about the aftereffects of high mineral N on the growth of the red clover crop the following year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth

Alaru

Talgre

Tein

et al. 2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Please use the following format when citing the article: Alaru M., Talgre L., Luik A., Tein B., Eremeev V., Loit E. 2017. Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 104 (2) AbstractNitrogen (N) deficiency is a major problem in organic and low-input farming systems. Growing spring cereals with undersown legumes has a positive effect on soil fertility, enriching it with nitrogen, through symbiosis of legumes with nodule bacteria. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) undersowing of red clover increases the protein content of barley grains and 2) mineral N has negative aftereffect on growth of legume plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic (cattle manure, off-season cover crop) and mineral N in organic and conventional farming systems on (i) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yield and quality, (ii) biomass yield formation of undersown red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and (iii) the aftereffect of mineral and organic N fertilisers on the red clover crop biomass yield in the following year. The experiment was established in 2008 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences (58°22ʹ N, 26°40ʹ E) on the soil described as Stagnic Albic Luvisol (LV ab-st) (WRB, 2014) with sandy loam surface texture, 1.38% C, 0.13% N, 133 mg kg -1 P, 210 mg kg -1 K and pH KCl 6.0. The crops were treated using different farming systems: three organic (Org0, OrgI and OrgII) and four conventional (N0, N40, N80 and N120); nitrogen sources during crop cycle period: N0 and Org0 = symbiotically fixed atmospheric N 2 , N40 = N 2 + mineral N 40 kg ha -1 N, N80 = N 2 + mineral N 80 kg ha -1 N, N120 = N 2 + mineral N 120 kg ha -1 N, OrgI = N 2 + N taken up by cover crops (N CC ) and OrgII = N 2 + N CC + N applied with manure (N m ). Our study revealed that grain yield of barley was strongly affected by undersown red clover; because of competition for nutrients in cereallegume mixture the grain yield of barley in organic system was 11-61% lower than that in conventional system. The seed rate of undersown red clover (2.84 million viable seed per ha) was too high. The content of protein depended on the availability of mineralised nitrogen. The mean protein content of barley grains over the trial years and treatments was 99 ± 1.6 g kg -1 in the conventional system, which was 17% higher than that in the organic system. Undersowing of red clover had no significantly positive effect on the grain yield and protein content of barley. Mineral N fertiliser had no negative aftereffect on growth of the red clover crop the following year. Mean above ground biomass yield over the trial years for the red clover crop 2 nd cut was 17% higher in the conventional system than in the organic system.

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Effect of Nitrate on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation of Soybean

Cited by 36 publications

References 62 publications

Variability of soybean response to rhizobia inoculant, Vermicompost, and a legume-specific fertilizer blend in Siaya County of Kenya

Variability of soybean response to rhizobia inoculant, Vermicompost, and a legume-specific fertilizer blend in Siaya County of Kenya

Role of Nitrogen on Growth and Seed Yield of Soybean and a New Fertilization Technique to Promote Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield

Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth

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