Effect of Nicotinamide on Proliferation, Differentiation, and Energy Metabolism in Bovine Preadipocytes

Abstract

This study examined the effects of nicotinamide on proliferation, differentiation, and energy metabolism in a primary culture of bovine adipocytes. After treatment of cells with 100-500 μM nicotinamide, cell growth was measured using 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and cellular lipid content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride (TG) assay. Several factors related to energy metabolism, namely adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, nitric oxide (NO) content, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, the number of mitochondria and the relative expression of glyceraldehydes-3phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and inducible NOS (iNOS), were also investigated. Results showed that nicotinamide induced both proliferation and differentiation in bovine preadipocytes. Nicotinamide decreased NO production by inhibiting NOS activity and iNOS mRNA expression, and controlled lipolytic activity by increasing ATPase activity and the number of mitochondria. The present study provides further evidence of the effects of nicotinamide on lipid and energy metabolism, and suggests that nicotinamide may play an important role in the development of bovine adipose tissue in vivo. This emphasizes the importance of investigating bovine adipose tissue to improve our understanding of dairy cow physiology.

Systematic microRNAome profiling reveals the roles of microRNAs in milk protein metabolism and quality: insights on low-quality forage utilization

“…In our study, the expression of miR-125b, miR-141, miR-181a, miR-221 and miR-15b were detected in all five tissues ( Table S2 ) and they were associated with feed or N efficiency under different diets ( Table 2 and Table S7 ). Cell proliferation is an important function in lactation initiation, milk precursor absorption and milk component synthesis in mammary gland as well as in rumen and adipose tissues 38 39 . There is evidence that miR-125b, miR-141, miR-181a, miR-221 and miR-205 are involved in cellular proliferation 40 41 42 43 44 , suggesting that these miRNAs play roles in lactation initiation, feed efficiency and N efficiency in dairy cows at different physiological stages by regulating cell proliferation.…”

Analysis of Astragalus Polysaccharide Intervention in Heat-Stressed Dairy Cows’ Serum Metabolomics

“…The results showed that the addition of rumen-protective GABA (RP-GABA) to beef cattle's diet could significantly increase the average daily intake of heat-stressed beef cattle, and improve the nutritional digestibility, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed beef cattle [57]. Nicotinamide is an amide form of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), which participates in cell proliferation and differentiation [58] and energy metabolism [59] and can improve energy metabolism diseases [60]. Additionally, inducing the use of pyrophosphate (PPI) as an energy enzyme to replace the use of ATP is a potential strategy to deal with the energy crisis [61].…”

β-carotene as a dietary factor affecting expression of genes connected with carotenoid, vitamin A and lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of beef cattle

“…Total RNA was isolated from fat tissues samples using the Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). For each sample, 1 μg of total RNA was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis as previously described (Liu et al, 2009). Real-Time PCR (qPCR) primers were designed and synthesized (Biosune, Shanghai, China) to assay differentially expressed genes ( Table 2).…”