Effect of Nickel on the Microflora of Gill, Gut and Skin of Clarias gariepinus

Olojo, E.A.A.; Amusa, N. A.; Omogbethai, P.E.

doi:10.3923/rjasci.2012.322.328

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Comparisons between the skin and gut microbiomes of fish are more limited, although culture-dependent approaches have suggested that the skin microbiome of captive-reared catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has levels of culturable diversity similar to those of the gut microbiome (Olojo et al 2012). Temporal variability in the microbiome may also be important, and methods such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes have suggested seasonal shifts in skin microbiome structure observed in both wild (Wilson et al 2008) and captive fishes (Le Nguyen et al 2008).…”

Section: Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome evolution along divergent branches of the vertebrate tree of life: what is known and unknown

2016

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Vertebrates harbour microbes both internally and externally, and collectively, these microorganisms (the 'microbiome') contain genes that outnumber the host's genetic information 10-fold. The majority of the microorganisms associated with vertebrates are found within the gut, where they influence host physiology, immunity and development. The development of next-generation sequencing has led to a surge in effort to characterize the microbiomes of various vertebrate hosts, a necessary first step to determine the functional role these communities play in host evolution or ecology. This shift away from a culture-based microbiological approach, limited in taxonomic breadth, has resulted in the emergence of patterns suggesting a core vertebrate microbiome dominated by members of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Still, there is a substantial variation in the methodology used to characterize the microbiome, from differences in sample type to issues of sampling captive or wild hosts, and the majority (>90%) of studies have characterized the microbiome of mammals, which represent just 8% of described vertebrate species. Here, we review the state of microbiome studies of nonmammalian vertebrates and provide a synthesis of emerging patterns in the microbiome of those organisms. We highlight the importance of collection methods, and the need for greater taxonomic sampling of natural rather than captive hosts, a shift in approach that is needed to draw ecologically and evolutionarily relevant inferences. Finally, we recommend future directions for vertebrate microbiome research, so that attempts can be made to determine the role that microbial communities play in vertebrate biology and evolution.

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Section: Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%