Effect of Nibbling Versus Gorging on Serum Lipids in Man

Gwinup, Grant; Byron, Richard C.; Roush, William H.; Kruger, Fred A.; Hamwi, George J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/13.4.209

Cited by 105 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The effect of timing of FI on metabolism has been the subject of active investigation in humans for over 40 years (Parks and McCrory, 2005). Variation in cholesterol synthesis appears to be strongly dependent on meal timing (Cella et al, 1995) and meal frequency (Gwinup et al, 1963;Jenkins et al, 1989;Titan et al, 2001;Farshchi et al, 2004). The question of whether there is a health benefit from the consumption of multiple small meals will ultimately depend on how much energy is consumed, as opposed to how often or how regularly one eats (Parks and McCrory, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour influences cholesterol plasma levels in a pig model

Rauw

Portolés

Corella

et al. 2007

Animal

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Little is known about the relationship between feed intake behaviour and cholesterol levels in humans. This can be attributed to the fact that feed intake behaviour in humans is difficult to assess. The relationships between feed intake, feed efficiency and feed intake behaviour, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were investigated at an average age of 187 days, in a pig model consisting of 202 Duroc barrows. Feed intake and feed intake behaviour were recorded individually and daily by means of an electronic identification system. Animals with high levels of total cholesterol also had high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. Animals with high levels of HDL also had high levels of LDL and triglycerides, and animals with high levels of LDL also had high levels of triglycerides. Animals with higher BW, higher backfat thickness, higher BW gain, higher gain of backfat deposition, higher feed intake, higher residual feed intake (RFI) and higher feed intake rate had higher levels of total, HDL and LDL plasma cholesterol. Results indicate that the relationship between feed intake and cholesterol levels is a long-term relationship, while the relationship between RFI and cholesterol levels is more of a short-term nature. The relationship between intake rate and cholesterol plasma levels disappeared after correction for the amount of feed consumed. Results indicate that feed intake independent of metabolic BW, growth and fatness, i.e. 'RFI', was positively correlated with cholesterol plasma levels. This suggests that eating food over and above the maintenance and growth requirements constitutes a health risk independent of the level of fatness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour influences cholesterol plasma levels in a pig model

Rauw

Portolés

Corella

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Our results con®rm previous reports (Maislos et al, 1993;Murphy et al, 1996), that eating one large daily meal leads to a signi®cant increase in plasma HDL cholesterol. Whereas other studies (Gwinup et al, 1963;Irwin et al, 1967;Jenkins et al, 1989;Wolfram et al, 1987;Edelstein et al, 1992;Arnold et al, 1993Arnold et al, , 1994, have investigated the effect of frequent meals (nibbling) on plasma lipids. We assessed whether the increase in plasma HDL was due to changes in the quantity or composition of food ingested during Ramadan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of meal frequency on plasma lipoproteins is controversial (Gwinup et al, 1963;Irwin & Feeley, 1967;Jenkins et al, 1989;Wolfram et al, 1987;Edelstein et al, 1992;Arnold et al, 1993Arnold et al, , 1994. It is commonly thought that frequent daily meals improve the plasma lipid pro®le.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly thought that frequent daily meals improve the plasma lipid pro®le. Most studies designed to assess this issue compared very frequent meals [7±17 daily meals (nibbling)] to the usual 3± 4 meals per day pattern (Gwinup et al, 1963;Irwin & Feeley 1967;Jenkins et al, 1989;Wolfram et al, 1987;Edelstein et al, 1992). Nibbling was associated with lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL, although reduced HDL cholesterol was also reported (Edelstein et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gorging and plasma HDL-cholesterol —The Ramadan model

Maislos¹,

Abou-Rabiah²,

Zuili

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a single evening meal (gorging) on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in normal individuals observing the Ramadan Fast. During the Ramadan month, Muslims refrain from food and liquids during the day and eat a large meal after sundown. Design: Sequential measurement of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Muslims observing the Ramadan Fast and non-fasting individuals. Setting: The study was conducted in the Bedouin town of Rahat, in the northern Negev area of Israel. Subjects: Twenty-two healthy subjects who fasted during Ramadan and 16 non-fasting laboratory workers, were studied before Ramadan, at week 1, 2 and 4 of the Ramadan month, and again four weeks after the end of Ramadan.Results: Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) rose signi®cantly (P`0.001) at the week 4 measurement, returning to basal levels 4 weeks after the end of Ramadan. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] did not change signi®cantly. Conclusions: Plasma HDL increased by 23% after four weeks of gorging. The dietary change did not affect the composition of other lipoproteins, such as LDL, VLDL or Lp(a), other plasma biochemical parameters, or BMI. Prolonged gorging, well tolerated by all individuals, is a very effective non-pharmacological method to increase plasma HDL-cholesterol. Sponsorship: This work was supported by funds from the Ben

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“…The reported effects included impaired glucose tolerance, 2 increased serum lipid concentrations 3 and hyperuricemia. 4 On the other hand, the metabolic effects of RF in normal individuals were the subject of several studies that yielded varying results that have been occasionally controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Certain Biochemical Parameters in Normal Subjects and in Type II Diabetic Patients

Al-Hader

Abu-Farsakh

Khatib

et al. 1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Fasting levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in normal and in Type II diabetic subjects before the beginning and at the end of the Muslim month of fasting (Ramadan). In normal subjects, there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in triglycerides and uric acid levels as a result of Ramadan fasting. In diabetic patients, triglyceride levels decreased significantly (P<0.05), while uric acid levels showed a significant increase (P<0.01) as a result of the same type of fasting. There were no significant differences in cholesterol, fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin levels before and after fasting in either group. These findings suggest that although this type of fasting is effective in causing considerable changes in certain blood biochemical parameters in normal and diabetic subjects, it has no effect on the glycemic control of either normal or Type II diabetic subjects.

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Effect of Nibbling Versus Gorging on Serum Lipids in Man

Cited by 105 publications

References 13 publications

Behaviour influences cholesterol plasma levels in a pig model

Behaviour influences cholesterol plasma levels in a pig model

Gorging and plasma HDL-cholesterol —The Ramadan model

The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Certain Biochemical Parameters in Normal Subjects and in Type II Diabetic Patients

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