Effect of New Surfactants on Biological Properties of Liquid Soaps

Klimaszewska, Emilia; Wieczorek, Daria; Lewicki, Sławomir; Stelmasiak, Marta; Ogorzałek, Marta; Szymański, Łukasz; Tomasiuk, Ryszard; Markuszewski, Leszek

doi:10.3390/molecules27175425

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sifat tersebut dapat berbeda beda tergantung dari penambahan bahan yang digunakan pada pembuatan sabun. Bahan-bahan untuk produksi sabun baik bahan baku utama maupun aditif akan memberikan dampak karakteristik produk sabun telah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya (Klimaszewska et al, 2022;Rambabu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh Penambahan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Padat pada Mata Kuliah Praktikum Analitik Proses

Suryadi,

Andrijanto

2024

JPLP

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Solid soap as a result from process analysis practicum can be produced using with hot process method using raw material of palm oil and a strong base in the form of NaOH. The aim of this research is that apart from fostering student inquiry regarding the soap making process, they are also able to analyze the parameters of solid soap over a certain period based on variations in the amount of added surfactant. The methods used in practicum activities are dividing practicum groups, making solid soap, and collecting practicum reports. In the activity of making solid soap, the concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was varied for each group, 0, 1, 2 and 3% w/w respectively. The parameters measured in this research were the pH value, water content, ability to form foam, free fatty acid content and ethanol insoluble material in solid soap. The pH characterization of the results of the saponification process shows that soap at all variations in SLS concentration is predominantly alkaline. The characterization carried out showed that the levels of free fatty acids and ethanol insoluble substances met SNI 3532:2016 standards. Water content parameters do not meet these standards because the measurements were carried out during practical activities and without the process of holding the soap product. From the results of observing these parameters, in general it can be concluded that the solid soap products resulting from the practical work have the best quality under the condition of adding SLS with a concentration of 1%.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh Penambahan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Padat pada Mata Kuliah Praktikum Analitik Proses

Suryadi,

Andrijanto

2024

JPLP

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“…Maceration is a simple extraction method by soaking the material in a solvent for several days at room temperature and protected from light. This process is used to extract betel leaf, which was chosen because the tool used is simple and suitable for compounds that are not heating-resistant [3].…”

Section: Preparation Of Betel Leaf Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soap is amphiphilic, with hydrophobic (polar) and hydrophobic (non-polar) groups. Soap can bind dirt and fat molecules and dissolve them in water [2], [3]. Soap making generally uses ingredients in the form of oil and alkali through a saponification process [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betel leaf extract as an anti-bacterial agent in solid soap formulation and characterisation

Wulandari¹,

Nugraheni²,

Kiptiah³

2023

J. Pijar.MIPA

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Used cooking oil is a waste oil derived from plants used as cooking oil. Used cooking oil can be reused by a purification process and used in soap making by a saponification process using a base (KOH or NaOH). Based on this, waste cooking oil is handled as a raw material for making solid soap. This study aimed to characterize solid soap from used cooking oil with betel leaf extract and explain the anti-bacterial ability of solid soap from used cooking oil with betel leaf extract. Solid soap is made by purifying used cooking oil by immersion in 15% NaOH and adding bleaching earth, making betel leaf extract by maceration method. The process of making solid soap with the addition of stearic acid, propylene glycol, glycerin, ethanol, and TEA. Characterization of solid soap by testing water content, amount of fatty acid, free alkaline, free fatty acid, mineral oil, foam stability, acidity test (pH), and anti-bacterial test. Testing the water content and the number of fatty acids shows that all samples did not meet the standards required by SNI 06-3532-1994. All samples in the free alkaline test (except sample F0), free fatty acids, mineral oil, and foam stability were tested to meet the standards required by SNI 06-3532-1994, and the anti-bacterial test of sample F4 has the best anti-bacterial properties because it can reduce the growth of bacteria compared to other samples.

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“…9 To obtain the desired cleansing qualities, various surfactants are often combined in a soap. 10,11 According to a study by Burton et al, using nonantibacterial soap to wash the hands lowered the amount of bacteria on the hands more than using water alone, 12 both because of its ability to solubilise and remove dirt, and the effect is further enhanced by the effect of rubbing hands together. 13 In addition to having cleaning functions, surfactants in soaps may have antibacterial efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of alcohol‐based hand sanitiser and hand washing with soap and water on bacterial skin microbiota composition

Vindenes

Drengenes

Amin

et al. 2023

JEADV Clinical Practice

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BackgroundThe use of alcohol‐based hand sanitiser (ABHS) and hand washing with soap and water increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the immediate impact (<1 h) of hand hygiene measures on sampling and profiling of the bacterial skin microbiota.MethodsSkin swab samples were collected from the dorsal hand and inner elbow from five volunteers before and after application of ABHS and before and after washing hands with soap and water. Bacterial composition was determined by MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsBacterial composition on the hands was similar before and after application of hand sanitiser, with Streptococcus spp. (19.3%–18.4%), Propionibacterium spp. (11.7%–11.9%), Corynebacterium spp. (11.2%–11.3%) and Staphylococcus spp. (7.8%–7.4%) as the most prevalent genera. The relative abundance of bacteria changed after hand washing with soap and water for Streptococcus spp. (15.7%–9.2%), Propionibacterium spp. (12.1%–8.3%), Staphylococcus spp. (8.2%–5.2%) and Lactobacillus spp. (7.1%–2.9%). For alpha diversity, the number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) on the hand was lower after washing with soap and water: mean: 94.6 (SD: 12.3) versus before: 165.5 (SD: 12.7), p = 0.003. The ASV richness did not differ before and after hand sanitiser application (p = 0.2 for both hand and inner elbow). The Faith PD index was lower after washing with soap and water: mean: 6.6 (SD: 0.41) compared to before (9.5 [SD: 0.52]), p = 0.002, but no change was seen for application of hand sanitiser on hand (p = 0.3) or elbow (p = 0.5).ConclusionsSkin microbiome diversity did not differ before and after hand sanitiser application but was lower after washing with soap and water, perhaps due to the mechanical removal of bacteria during hand washing. Both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria were affected, with the largest impact on the Gram‐negative bacteria.

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Effect of New Surfactants on Biological Properties of Liquid Soaps

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Pengaruh Penambahan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Padat pada Mata Kuliah Praktikum Analitik Proses

Pengaruh Penambahan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Padat pada Mata Kuliah Praktikum Analitik Proses

Betel leaf extract as an anti-bacterial agent in solid soap formulation and characterisation

The impact of alcohol‐based hand sanitiser and hand washing with soap and water on bacterial skin microbiota composition

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